It is often claimed that R1b is a typically Western European haplogroup. But that is untrue. R1b1b2a1a (P310/L11) is the subclade that is Western European, representing the Italic, Celtic and Germanic branches of Indo-European language speakers.
All the subclades of R1b1b2 upstream in the tree (R1b1b2, R1b1b2a, R1b1b2a1) are typically referred to as R1b-ht35. They are characterised by the STR value DYS393=12 (as opposed to DYS393=13 in R1b1b2a1a).
However this method has proved quite unreliable because many pre-L11 also have DYS393=13. Besides, all the Central Asian (R1b1b1), Middle Eastern (R1b-M73) and African R1b (R1b-V88) have DYS393=13.
Ht35 represents mostly the lineages of R1b1b2 that remained in Anatolia after the Indo-European migrations through the Pontic steppes to Central, then Western Europe. Ht35 may be associated with the Anatolian (Hittite, Phrygian, etc.) Armenian and Greek branches of the Indo-European family.
Outside Anatolia, ht35 is particularly common in South Italy and along the Adriatic coast of Italy. Overall, R1b-ht35 correlates strongly with the distribution of haplogroup J2.
I wish that Y-DNA studies clearly separated subclades of R1b, or that there was at least one good pan-European study of ht35, but unfortunately there isn't. I tried to gather data here and there, analysing STR in studies that provided them.
Here are the approximate values I have calculated based on DYS393=12 only. Keep in mind that the true percentages of pre-L11 are inevitably higher than this.
(These are percentages of the total population, not percentages within R1b).
Armenia = 9%
Georgia = 8%
Turkey = 13%
Bulgaria = 9%
Romania = 10%
North Greece = 7%
Greece = 5%
Slovenia = 8%
North Italy = 4-7%
Central Italy = 4-11%
South Italy = 8-11%
Sicily = 6-11%
Netherlands = 4.5%
Belgium = 2.5%
France = 0-13% (lowest Gascony, highest Parisian region)
Spain = 1-7% (highest Catalonia and Valencia, lowest Cantabria)
Portugal = 4.5%
Wales : 0%
England = 0-6%
Scotland : 2%
Ireland = 2.5%
Norway = 4%
Sweden = 2.5%
Finland = 0.5%
Poland = 4-5%
North Germany = 2-4%
West Germany = 4-6%
East Germany = 3-5%
South Germany = 4-7%
Switzerland = 1-5%
Austria = 3.5%
All the subclades of R1b1b2 upstream in the tree (R1b1b2, R1b1b2a, R1b1b2a1) are typically referred to as R1b-ht35. They are characterised by the STR value DYS393=12 (as opposed to DYS393=13 in R1b1b2a1a).
However this method has proved quite unreliable because many pre-L11 also have DYS393=13. Besides, all the Central Asian (R1b1b1), Middle Eastern (R1b-M73) and African R1b (R1b-V88) have DYS393=13.
Ht35 represents mostly the lineages of R1b1b2 that remained in Anatolia after the Indo-European migrations through the Pontic steppes to Central, then Western Europe. Ht35 may be associated with the Anatolian (Hittite, Phrygian, etc.) Armenian and Greek branches of the Indo-European family.
Outside Anatolia, ht35 is particularly common in South Italy and along the Adriatic coast of Italy. Overall, R1b-ht35 correlates strongly with the distribution of haplogroup J2.
I wish that Y-DNA studies clearly separated subclades of R1b, or that there was at least one good pan-European study of ht35, but unfortunately there isn't. I tried to gather data here and there, analysing STR in studies that provided them.
Here are the approximate values I have calculated based on DYS393=12 only. Keep in mind that the true percentages of pre-L11 are inevitably higher than this.
(These are percentages of the total population, not percentages within R1b).
Armenia = 9%
Georgia = 8%
Turkey = 13%
Bulgaria = 9%
Romania = 10%
North Greece = 7%
Greece = 5%
Slovenia = 8%
North Italy = 4-7%
Central Italy = 4-11%
South Italy = 8-11%
Sicily = 6-11%
Netherlands = 4.5%
Belgium = 2.5%
France = 0-13% (lowest Gascony, highest Parisian region)
Spain = 1-7% (highest Catalonia and Valencia, lowest Cantabria)
Portugal = 4.5%
Wales : 0%
England = 0-6%
Scotland : 2%
Ireland = 2.5%
Norway = 4%
Sweden = 2.5%
Finland = 0.5%
Poland = 4-5%
North Germany = 2-4%
West Germany = 4-6%
East Germany = 3-5%
South Germany = 4-7%
Switzerland = 1-5%
Austria = 3.5%
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