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Wikipedia said:Somewhat contradicting these findings, a similar 2007 study found that the most important genetic differentiation in Europe occurs on a line from the north to the south-east (northern Europe to the Balkans), with another east-west axis of differentiation across Europe. Its findings were consistent with earlier mtDNA and Y-chromosonal based results supporting the theory that modern Iberians hold the most ancient European genetic ancestry, as well as separating Basques and Sami from other European populations. It confirmed that the English and Irish cluster with other Northern Europeans such as Germans and Poles while some Basque and Italian individuals also clustered with Northern Europeans. Despite these stratifications it noted the unusually high degree of European homogeneity: "there is low apparent diversity in Europe with the entire continent-wide samples only marginally more dispersed than single population samples elsewhere in the world."
Maciamo...
Again, another wonderful thread.
I am interested in the X Haplotype, of which is descended from the N Haplotype.
What I find curious is the divergence of geographic location, from the N to the X. For example, the origin of the N Haplotype is generally shown in the mideast area, and the emergence of the X descendant is shown in the Scandinavian countries, and in North America in relatively small numbers and specific locations.
But doesn't that also mean that X could have been everywhere in between and just mutated into the modern haplotypes? I am sure I have seen a progression chart... maybe from you...showing earliest haplotypes, progressing to N, progressing to X, etc. It seems to me that X is just a remnant of an ancient strain that was isolated enough not to mutate, but where it wasn't isolated, may have mutated into modern day popular strains.
Your thoughts?
I1b is after Croats and Bosniaks highest found in north-eastern Romania(41%).Bosnian Croats and Croats on average have the most of I haplogroup in the world.
Here is an attempt to classify European mtDNA sub-haplogroups by region.
Haplogroup H
H1 : found in all Europe ; highest in Iceland, Russia and Germany ; lowest in S-E Europe => Northern European
H1b : mostly found in Eastern Europe and North Central Europe. => Slavic-Germanic
H2 : found mostly in Scotland, Germany and Eastern Europe.
H2a : found mostly in Eastern Europe and Central Asia. => Kurgan
H2b : Cambridge Reference Sequence
H3 : found mostly in Western and Northern Europe. Highest frequency in Iberia, Sardinia and Germanic countries.
H4 : found in all Europe except Russia ; highest in Iberia, Central and S-E Europe. => European (possibly Celtic)
H5 : found mostly in France, Italy and Iberia. Absent from Russia, Finland and Ireland. => European (possibly Celtic)
H5a : most common in Central Europe => Celtic
H6 : rare in Europe ; most common in Central Asia and the Middle East.
H8 : mostly found in Eastern and Northern Europe ; absent or rare in Ireland, Iberia, France, Italy and the Alps. => Slavic-Germanic
Haplogroup U
U1 : found mostly in Italy ; absent or rare in Northern and S-E Europe. => Latin
U2 : found in most of Europe except Russia and S-E Europe.
U3 : found mostly in S-E Europe, then Germany. Absent from Ireland and Finland.
U4 : Common all over Europe, but most common in Russia.
U5 : found in all Europe except Russia and Finland. Most common in France and Scandinavia.
U5a : Common everywhere in Europe.
U5a1 : Mostly found in Finland and Russia. Absent from the Mediterranean, France, Ireland, Scotland and Iceland.
U5b : found mosly between Germany, Finland and Russia. Rare in southern Europe.
U5b1 : found only in Nordic countries and Russia.
U6 : found only in Iberia.
Haplogroup K
K1 : found almost only in Germanic countries + Ireland. => Germanic
K2 : found mostly around the Alps. Rare in Northern Europe and Russia. => Celtic
K2a : found almost only in Scandinavia, Britain and Ireland. => Germanic
K2b : found in Britain, Iberia and the Alps. => Celtic
Haplogroup J
J1 : found mostly in S-E Europe and the Alps. Absent or rare in Western and Northern Europe.
J1a : mostly found in Germanic countries (Alps included). Absent from Russia and S-E Europe. => Germanic
J1b : found in Russia, S-E Europe, France, Italy and Iberia => Southern & Eastern European.
J1b1 : found mostly in Britain, Ireland and Scandinavia, but also a bit in France and Germany. => Germanic
J2 : mostly found in France, Italy and S-E Europe. Rare in Germanic countries. => Mediterranean
Haplogroup T
T1 : found everywhere in Europe, especially in the South and East. => European
T2 : found mostly in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. => Slavic-Germanic
T3 : found at the highest frequency in Iceland. Otherwise at low frequencies in Germanic countries and Italy. => Germanic
T4 : found at low frequencies in Northern & Eastern Europe, Germany and Italy. Germanic
T5 : found mostly in Central Europe and Britain => Celtic
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