Here is a list of towns and cities in Europe that were founded at least 3000 years ago (prior to 1000 BCE). The list is of course not exhaustive. Feel free to complete it if you have additional information. Abandonned/destroyed cities are ok too.
I have added the probable main haplogroup(s) of the people who founded the city.
- 7,000 BCE : Choirokoitia (Cyprus) => J2 and E1b1b
- 6,500 BCE : Sesklo (Thessaly, Greece) => E1b1b and J2 (and G2a ?)
- 6,000 BCE : Starčevo (Serbia) => E1b1b and J2
- 5,500 BCE : Pločnik (Serbia) => E1b1b and J2
- 5,000 BCE : Varna (Bulgaria) => E1b1b and J2
- 5,000 BCE : Hallstatt (Austria) => E1b1b and J2 (and I2b ?)
- 5,000 BCE : Bratislava (Slovakia) => E1b1b and J2 (and I2b ?)
- 4,800 BCE : Dimini (Thessaly, Greece) => E1b1b and J2 (and G2a ?)
- c. 4,500 BCE : Lerna (Peloponnese, Greece) => E1b1b, G2a and J2
- 4,500 BCE : Glauberg (Hesse, Germany) => E1b1b and J2 (and I2b ?)
- 4,000 BCE : Plovdiv (Bulgaria) => E1b1b and J2
- 4,000 BCE : Phaistos (Crete, Greece) => J2
- 3,900 BCE : Michelsberg (Baden, Germany) => E1b1b and J2 (and I2b ?)
- 3,800 BCE : Dobrovody (Ukraine) => I2a2, E1b1b and J2
- 3,700 BCE : Talianki (Ukraine) => I2a2, E1b1b and J2
- 3,700 BCE : Maydanets (Ukraine) => I2a2, E1b1b and J2
- 3,250 BCE : Kasenovka (Ukraine) => I2a2, E1b1b and J2
- 3,200 BCE : Skara Brae (Scotland) => I2b
- 3,000 BCE : Troy (Turkey) => R1b (and J2 ?)
- 3,000 BCE : Myrtos Pyrgos (Crete, Greece) => J2
- 3,000 BCE : Akrotiri (Cyprus) => J2 and E1b1b
- 3,000 BCE : Athens (Greece) => E1b1b, G2a, I2, J2
- 2,700 BCE : Knossos (Crete, Greece) => J2
- 2,500 BCE : Kastri, (Kythera, Greece) => J2
- 2,300 BCE : Gournia (Crete, Greece) => J2 (and R1b ?)
- 2,300 BCE : Manika (Euboea, Greece) => E1b1b, G2a and J2
- 2,000 BCE : Mantua (Italy) => E1b1b G2a, I2a
- 1,900 BCE : Mycenae (Greece) => R1a
- 1,900 BCE : Mallia (Crete, Greece) => J2 (and R1b ?)
- 1,900 BCE : Kato Zakros (Crete, Greece) => J2 (and R1b ?)
- 1,600 BCE : Hagia Triada (Crete, Greece) => J2 (and R1b ?)
- 1,600 BCE : Chania (Crete, Greece) => J2 (and R1b ?)
- 1,400 BCE : Larnaca (Cyprus) => J2 and E1b1b
- 1,300 BCE : Heuneburg (Württemberg, Germany) => R1b
- 1,200 BCE : Lisbon (Portugal) => I2 (?)
- 1,100 BCE : Cadiz (Spain) => J2, E1b1b, G2a
- 1,100 BCE : Chios (North Aegean, Greece) => J2, E1b1b (and R1b ?)
- 1,000 BCE : Würzburg (Bavaria, Germany) => R1b
The oldest towns outside the Aegean follow the Neolithic expansion of haplogroup E-V13 and J2 from Thessaly along the Danube basin (see map below). Unsurprisingly E-V13 is most commonly found from northern Greece to Serbia, with Kosovo peaking at 45% of the population. It reaches 19% in Macedonian Greeks, 23% in Albania, 24% in Serbia, and 40% in the Sesklo/Dimini region of Thessaly. ....