African mtDNA and Y-DNA in Iberia

[luis77]

Autosomal african DNA in Spain (2009 study using 1.5 million SNPs)

Autosomal DNA

In a recent study in 2009, "Characterizing the history of sub-Saharan African gene flow into southern Europe", Moorjani et al. estimated the proportion of sub-Saharan African ancestry in southern Europe using hundred of thousands SNPs and found an autosomal sub-saharan proportion of 2.4% in whole Spain.

Characterizing the history of sub-Saharan African gene flow into southern Europe. P. Moorjani1, N. Patterson2, J. Hirschhorn1,3, D. Reich1,2 1) Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; 2) Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA; 3) Divisions of Endocrinology and Genetics and Program in Genomics, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA.

Recent analyses of whole-genome SNP data sets have suggested a history of sub-Saharan African ancestral contribution into southern Europe but not in northern Europe, consistent with previous analyses based on the Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA.
However, there has been no characterization of the proportion of African admixture in southern Europe, or of its date. Here we analyze data from ~450,000 autosomal SNPs in the Population Reference Sample, ~650,000 SNPs from the Human Genome Diversity Panel, and ~1.5 million SNPs from the HapMap Phase 3 Project, and studied patterns of correlation in allele frequencies across populations to confirm the evidence of African ancestry in many southern European populations but not in northern Europeans.
Using methods that can infer admixture proportions in the absence of accurate ancestral populations, we estimated that the proportion of sub-Saharan African ancestry in Spain is 2.4 +/- 0.3%, in Tuscany 1.5 +/- 0.3%, and in Greece 1.9 +/- 0.7% (1 standard error). We also studied the decay of admixture linkage disequilibrium with genetic distance, which provided a preliminary estimate of the date of African gene flow into Spain of roughly 60 generations ago, or about 1,700 years ago assuming 28 years per generation. This date is consistent with the historically known movement of individuals of North African ancestry into Spain, although it is possible that this estimate also reflects a wider range of mixture times.

So it is an average with probably wide ranging variation from 0% to 5% but it is interesting to see that all data (mtDna, HLA and Autosomal) found a similar average sub-saharan ancestry estimation of about 2.5% in Spain most likely due to indirect North African contribution (neolithic or historical) rather than direct sub-saharan through slave. trade.

 

[Wilhelm]

Source ??
By the way there is already a thread of african admixture in Iberia. Stop with your trolling and obsession with Spain.
And Were you not from Brazil at first ? Why did you change the flag to Portugal ?

 

[^ lynx ^]

If you posted this article here already. Why did you open a new thread for it? Are you obsessed with this issue for any special reason?

Of course it does not make sense at all to average regions with totally different histories like Basque Country (lowest frequency in Spain) or the province of Cordoba (highest frequency in Spain at 8.30%, almost similar to South Portugal)

We already discussed this (we even posted a link to the original study from Casas et.al). L3 which is the most frequent L clade found in Spain is not of Sub-saharan origin (According to Maca-Meyer et al. (2001), "L3 is more related to Eurasian haplogroups than to the most divergent African clusters L1 and L2". L3 is the haplogroup from which all modern humans outside of Africa derive.) and that 8.30% is not from the present population Province of Cordoba, but the medieval population of Priego de Cordoba which is a TOWN.

How many times are you going to repeat the same cr*p???

 

[Wilhelm]

confirm the evidence of African ancestry in many southern European populations but not in northern Europeans.

Wrong.
Plaza et al. 2003;Romano et al. 2003, e.g., observed 1.2% African admixture in Germans.

 

[^ lynx ^]

So I'll repeat my post again:

Casas based his study on Priego de Cordoba citizens for modern samples, which is not the same than Cordoba, Luisirious2b. Priego de Cordoba is a town in the province of Cordoba. The rest of his study is based on Medieval samples (which date from the Almohade epoch) from some ancient burial sites located in the same town.

Here's his study in PDF: http://backintyme.com/admixture/casas01.pdf

I took a capture from the PDF:



MP = Medieval Population (of Priego de Cordoba)
PP = Present Population (of Priego de Cordoba)
SIP = South Iberian Peninsula.
NWA = North West Africa.

Greetings.

PS: Have fun in the wikipedia.

 

[^ lynx ^]

Since this article was posted by the same forummer in the "African admixture in Iberia" thread almost at the same time he openned this one, Maciamo should close this one.

Please trolls: At least don't spam the forum with the same issue. Thank you.

Plaza et al. 2003;Romano et al. 2003, e.g., observed 1.2% African admixture in Germans.

And Rosenberg et al. 2002 and Wilson et al. 2001 found 1% of autosomal in Norwegians.

 

[^ lynx ^]

Now that we start talking about autosomal, let's learn more about it.

Neutral autosomal markers

Neutral autosomal markers are odd fragments of DNA that do not affect a person's physical traits. Because they are autosomal (within the nuclear DNA that is subject to meiosis), such markers reflect the recombination of paternal and maternal DNA with each generation. Hence, they are less useful than mtDNA or Y-DNA in tracking migrations and they are less precise as to time. This makes it hard to tell if any particular marker dates from the 1500-1800 trade, or from the post-glacial re-colonization of Europe, or from some time in between. On the other hand, neutral autosomal markers are useful for individual genealogies since they reflect just how much of an individual's genome came from which population group.

Two studies by Rosenberg et al. 2002 and Wilson et al. 2001 failed to detect any sub-Saharan admixture in Scots (from Orkney), Russians, Basques, Frenchmen or Italians (from Lombardy, Tuscany and Sardinia), while 1% was observed in Norwegians. More recently, Bauchet et al. 2007 tested several European groups for black admixture, and while cluster membership coefficients are not provided, the chart of Bayesian cluster results shows admixture levels to be equally low in Greeks, Spaniards (from Valencia), Basques, Frenchmen, Southern Italians, East English, West Irish, Poles, Germans (from Hanover) and Finns.

A similar study by Auton et al. 2009, which also contains an admixture analysis chart but no cluster membership coefficients, shows little to no sub-Saharan African influence in a wide array of European samples, i.e. Albanians, Austrians, Belgians, Bosnians, Bulgarians, Croatians, Cypriots, Czechs, Danes, Finns, Frenchmen, Germans, Greeks, Hungarians, Irish, Italians, Kosovars, Latvians, Macedonians, Netherlanders, Norwegians, Poles, Portuguese, Romanians, Russians, Scots, Serbians, Slovakians, Slovenians, Spaniards, Swedes, Swiss (German, French and Italian), Ukrainians, United Kingdom and Yugoslavians.

Results like these using the STRUCTURE program are considered to be highly accurate quantifications of admixture.

Adaptive autosomal markers

Adaptive autosomal markers are those that have evolved and spread because they enhance survivability. Several such markers of sub-Saharan African origin are present in Europeans, most notably HbS (sickle cell), Fy(a-b-) (Duffy-null), and GM and KM immunoglobulin allotypes, all of which confer immunity to malaria and are thus selected for in environments where this disease still poses a threat.

Traits such as these have two main advantages for population studies: First, they have been well-studied for centuries, so different strains are easily identified and tracked. Second, because their adaptive advantages are known, their dates of origin and spread are also known to reasonable precision. Their big disadvantage, however, is that they cannot tell what fraction of a population came from which ancestry. That HbS is found in, say, ten percent of some European populations does not mean that these populations have ten percent sub-Saharan ancestry; it may simply be that many individuals lacking the trait in the past died without progeny due to malaria.

Though widely used in the early days of population genetics, adaptive autosomal markers are today largely avoided because of their unreliability. Recently, the genetic testing company AncestryByDNA was criticized for providing information about ancestry based in part on loci that have undergone strong selection and may reflect similar environmental exposures rather than shared ancestry.

 

[serinus]

Why this obsession with Spain, luis77? Are you mexican?

 

[^ lynx ^]

When he logged in for first time in the forum he had the brazilian flag... for some misterious reason he changed it.

But please, let's continue with this discussion in the other thread. This one should be closed.

 

[Drac]

If you posted this article here already. Why did you open a new thread for it? Are you obsessed with this issue for any special reason?



We already discussed this (we even posted a link to the original study from Casas et.al). L3 which is the most frequent L clade found in Spain is not of Sub-saharan origin (According to Maca-Meyer et al. (2001), "L3 is more related to Eurasian haplogroups than to the most divergent African clusters L1 and L2". L3 is the haplogroup from which all modern humans outside of Africa derive.) and that 8.30% is not from the present population Province of Cordoba, but the medieval population of Priego de Cordoba which is a TOWN.

How many times are you going to repeat the same cr*p???

Apparently the troll wants to pretend he did not see how his manipulations already got exposed.

 

[Drac]

Autosomal DNA

In a recent study in 2009, "Characterizing the history of sub-Saharan African gene flow into southern Europe", Moorjani et al. estimated the proportion of sub-Saharan African ancestry in southern Europe using hundred of thousands SNPs and found an autosomal sub-saharan proportion of 2.4% in whole Spain.

That paper does not appear to be published (at least not yet), so we will have to wait and see what their alleged "methods that can infer admixture proportions in the absence of accurate ancestral populations" are. Needless to say, their suspicious claims contradict STRUCTURE studies, which do not find any peculiarly higher admixture levels, sub-Saharan or otherwise, in Southern Europeans than among Northern Europeans. In fact, some of these studies have found LOWER admixture levels in some Southern Europeans, including Spaniards:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1852743/

Recent analyses of whole-genome SNP data sets have suggested a history of sub-Saharan African ancestral contribution into southern Europe but not in northern Europe, consistent with previous analyses based on the Y-chromosome and mitochondrial DNA.

This is obviously a lie, since it is well known that sub-Saharan mtDNA and Y-Chromosomes have been found among Northern Europeans, in some cases at higher frequencies than among some Southern Europeans, including Spaniards.

However, there has been no characterization of the proportion of African admixture in southern Europe, or of its date. Here we analyze data from ~450,000 autosomal SNPs in the Population Reference Sample, ~650,000 SNPs from the Human Genome Diversity Panel, and ~1.5 million SNPs from the HapMap Phase 3 Project, and studied patterns of correlation in allele frequencies across populations to confirm the evidence of African ancestry in many southern European populations but not in northern Europeans.

Another lie.

Using methods that can infer admixture proportions in the absence of accurate ancestral populations, we estimated that the proportion of sub-Saharan African ancestry in Spain is 2.4 +/- 0.3%, in Tuscany 1.5 +/- 0.3%, and in Greece 1.9 +/- 0.7% (1 standard error). We also studied the decay of admixture linkage disequilibrium with genetic distance, which provided a preliminary estimate of the date of African gene flow into Spain of roughly 60 generations ago, or about 1,700 years ago assuming 28 years per generation. This date is consistent with the historically known movement of individuals of North African ancestry into Spain, although it is possible that this estimate also reflects a wider range of mixture times.

It seems pretty obvious that the hardly honest people who wrote this paper are thinking of the so-called Moorish invasion of the Iberian Peninsula. Apparently their knowledge of history and basic arithmetic is about as fishy as that of their claims in genetics. Islam didn't even exist around 300 AD ("1,700 years ago", as they say.)

So it is an average with probably wide ranging variation from 0% to 5% but it is interesting to see that all data (mtDna, HLA and Autosomal) found a similar average sub-saharan ancestry estimation of about 2.5% in Spain most likely due to indirect North African contribution (neolithic or historical) rather than direct sub-saharan through slave. trade.

This lie is all yours, though. "All data" does not show what you claim.

 

[Drac]

I notice that our troll has not wasted time introducing a new entry about Zamora in the blatantly manipulated WikiPedia article about "African admixture":

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_admixture_in_Europe

Like I "predicted" earlier, that article will not get fixed and it will just keep on getting worse, because these Afrocentrists, Nordicists and assorted anti-Southern Europeans (specially Spain-hating trolls) have gained a foothold in that article.

 

[Drac]

There is a very interesting new study by Luis Alvarez 2010 about "Mitochondrial DNA patterns in the Iberian Northern plateau: Population dynamics and substructure of the Zamora province".

The authors found 10 L mtDna sub-saharan lineages out of 214 which gives 4.70% in the province of Zamora.

It remains to be seen how many of these L sequences they found are truly sub-Saharan

Quote from the authors :
"One of the distinctions between the mtDNA composition of the Iberian Peninsula with respect to other European populations is the presence of North African and sub-Saharan lineages [for revision, see Arroyo-Pardo et al. (2007)]. In Zamora, both North African and sub- Saharan mtDNA lineages were found"

This is obviously a lie, or honest ignorance from the part of the authors. Such mtDNA has been found elsewhere in Europe.

L lineages mtDNA frequencies

So here are a new summary of the L lineages mtDNA frequencies found in Spain including this new study by Alvarez. This includes ALL the data ever published so far about Spain (1680 distinct individuals from continental Spain and 531 from Spanish Islands)

[1) Continental Spain

Spain, northwestern : 8/216 =3.70%, Achilli 2007
Spain, central : 1/148 =0.68%, Achilli 2007
Spain, Andalusia: 2/114 =1.75%, Achilli 2007
Spain, northeastern : 3/179 =1.68%, Achilli 2007
Spain, Basque Country: 1/156 =0.64%, Achilli 2007
Spain, all regions : 9/312 =2.90%, Alvarez 2007
Spain, Pyreneans : 0/233 =0.00%, Lopez-Parra 2009
Spain, Cordoba : 9/108 =8.30%, Casas 2006 (highest frequency found in Spain)
Spain, Zamora: 10/214 =4.70%, Luis Alvarez 2010

Total continental Spain : 43/1680 = 2.55 %

2) Islands

Spain, Balearic : 5/231 =2.20%, Picornell 2005
Spain, Canaries : 20/300 =6.60%, Brehm 2003

3) All Spain

Of course it does not make sense at all to average regions with totally different histories like Basque Country (lowest frequency in Spain) or the province of Cordoba (highest frequency in Spain at 8.30%, almost similar to South Portugal) , and because northern populations are overrepresented in the studies, but if we want to do it we get :

All Spain (including Balearic and Canaries) : 68/2211= 3.07%

This manipulation has already been dealt with, but since you decided to repeat it, here goes a clarification again:


Providing that the data for some of these other papers (Alvarez 2007, Picornell 2005, Brehm 2003) you refer to have not been manipulated as well, the actual frequencies are:

Spain, northwestern : 8/216 =3.70%, Achilli 2007
Spain, central : 1/148 =0.68%, Achilli 2007
Spain, Andalusia: 2/114 =1.75%, Achilli 2007
Spain, northeastern : 3/179 =1.68%, Achilli 2007
Spain, Basque Country: 1/156 =0.64%, Achilli 2007
Spain, all regions : 9/312 =2.90%, Alvarez 2007
Spain, Pyreneans : 0/233 =0.00%, Lopez-Parra 2009

Spain, Priego de Cordoba : 1/108 =0.9%, Casas 2006 (only L1-L2 sequences were considered sub-Saharan in this study)

Spain, all regions: 8/496 = 1.61%, Pereira 2005 (which remains to be seen if its samples are all included in Achilli et al. 2007 or the other two studies)

Spain, Zamora: 10/214 =4.67%, Luis Alvarez 2010 (providing that all the L sequences they found are truly sub-Saharan)


Continental : 43/2176 = 1.9%

2) Islands

Spain, Balearic : 5/231 =2.20%, Picornell 2005
Spain, Canaries : 20/300 =6.60%, Brehm 2003

All Spain (including Balearic and Canaries) : 68/2707 = 2.5%

Pereira 2005 (African Female Heritage in Iberia) analysed 496 samples from the studies above and did not include any new Spanish samples

You only provided some information for Pereira et al. 2005 and Achilli et al. 2007. Until you clarify why these sample sources you provided do not wholly match (black means a "match", red "not a match" between your statements about both studies):

2) Regarding Pereira et al. 2005, as specified, the 496 individuals from were not "left out" but were already included in other studies and in the data posted
Quote from Peireira 2005 :
"The Iberian database was constructed with the following data (92 individuals from Galicia (Salas et al. 1998); 118 individuals from Catalonia (Crespillo et al. 2000); 122 Basques [45 from Bertranpetit et al. (1995) and 77 from Richards et al. (1996)]; 61 individuals from Leon (Larruga et al. 2001); 38 individuals from Castile (Larruga et al. 2001); and 65 individuals from Andalusia [50 from Larruga et al. (2001) and 15 from Corte-Real et al. (1996) "

a) Achilli 2007 (Mitochondrial DNA Variation of Modern Tuscans Supports the Near Eastern Origin of Etruscans) aggregated data from the following sources :

Salas 1998, mtDNA analysis of the Galician population: a genetic edge of European variation.
Richards 2000, Tracing European founder lineages in the Near Eastern mtDNA pool
Crespillo 2000, Mitochondrial DNA sequences for 118 individuals from northeastern Spain
Larruga 2001, Mitochondrial DNA characterisation of European isolates: the Maragatos from Spain
Plaza 2003, Joining the pillars of Hercules: mtDNA sequences show multidirectional gene flow in the western Mediterranean.
González 2003, Mitochondrial DNA affinities at the Atlantic fringe of Europe

b) Others studies not included by Achilli 2007

Brehm 2003, Mitochondrial portraits of the Madeira and Açores archipelagos witness different genetic pools of its settlers
Picornell 2005, Mitochondrial DNA HVRI Variation in Balearic Populations
Casas 2006, Human Mitochondrial DNA Diversity in an Archaeological Site in al-Andalus: Genetic Impact of Migrations from North Africa in Medieval Spain
Alvarez 2007, Characterization of human control region sequences for Spanish individuals in a forensic mtDNA data set
Lopez-Parra 2009, Preliminary results of mitochondrial DNA sequence variation in Spanish Pyrenean populations
Pereira 2005 (African Female Heritage in Iberia) only analysed samples from the studies above and did not include any new samples.

I will continue to consider the results & data of Pereira et al. 2005 as separate from Achilli et al. 2007.

If by "studies above" you actually also meant the other two (Alvarez 2007, Lopez-Parra 2009) that you took into account in your "calculations", provide info about their samples.

HLA Data

HLA genes and immunoglobulin allotypes are obsolete for population genetics, so don't waste our time.

So again it is an average with probably wide ranging variation from 0% to 5% but it is interesting to see that all data (mtDna, HLA and Autosomal) found a similar average sub-saharan ancestry estimation of about 2.5% in Spain most likely due to indirect North African contribution (neolithic or historical) rather than direct sub-saharan through slave. trade.

No matter how many times you repeat the same "all data found similar sub-Saharan ancestry" lie it will not magically become true, and rest assured that we will be here to remind you of it. This is not WikiPedia, where you and a couple of your buddies can gang up and bar the opposition so you can carefully select and manipulate data at your leisure.

 

[^ lynx ^]

I notice that our troll has not wasted time introducing a new entry about Zamora in the blatantly manipulated WikiPedia article about "African admixture":

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_admixture_in_Europe

Like I "predicted" earlier, that article will not get fixed and it will just keep on getting worse, because these Afrocentrists, Nordicists and assorted anti-Southern Europeans (specially Spain-hating trolls) have gained a foothold in that article.

I just told him to have fun in the wikipedia. Let the brazilian-afrocentrist freak have his own afro-festival of mislead/manipulated data.

 

[Cambrius (The Red)]

I frankly do not understand the mind set of insecure sociopaths who manipulate genetic research findings. Some of the older studies are methodologically deficient and have left the door open for exaggerated "interpretation", and the wack-jobs have taken advantage to lie and manipulate. What these cretins do not understand is that genetic science is advancing at a very rapid pace and results are becoming more refined and definitive month by month. The truth will clearly surface in the end, so why do these genetic mountebanks bother playing childish games? Because they have doubts about their own ethnicity? The dust-bin of history is wide open...

 

[callaeca]

About E-M81 that, according to authors, can have frequencies of the 4.6% or 6.3% or 9.7%, depends the diferents geographic zones of Galicia:

It is possible to be verified that E-M81 is nonexistent in the North of Galicia. With similar frequencies in the West between 3%-4%. Elevated frequencies in the south (Baixo Miño, Ourense and North of Portugal). Decreases in the Southeast where G2a predominates and increases in Asturias.

In center and East of Galicia it does not reach 3%, (G2a = 10%). (Brion et al. 2002, 2004; Carracedo entrevista Voz de Galicia 11-11-2007)

Galicia is in a great percentage R1b3 ht35 if definitively they verify the result in values DYF385 10, 11 = ht 15 versus DYF385 10, 10 = ht 35; with contribution of "the Helgason indo-european mtDNA" (U2 + U3 + U4 + I + W) = Galicia 12,3%.

And remembering that the total sum of sequences mtdna H is of 77% (Eva-Liis Loogväli et al., 2004).

 

[Cambrius (The Red)]

About E-M81 that, according to authors, can have frequencies of the 4.6% or 6.3% or 9.7%, depends the diferents geographic zones of Galicia:

It is possible to be verified that E-M81 is nonexistent in the North of Galicia. With similar frequencies in the West between 3%-4%. Elevated frequencies in the south (Baixo Miño, Ourense and North of Portugal). Decreases in the Southeast where G2a predominates and increases in Asturias.
In center and East of Galicia it does not reach 3%, (G2a = 10%). (Brion et al. 2002, 2004; Carracedo entrevista Voz de Galicia 11-11-2007)
Galicia is in a great percentage R1b3 ht35 if definitively they verify the result in values DYF385 10, 11 = ht 15 versus DYF385 10, 10 = ht 35; with contribution of "the Helgason indo-european mtDNA" (U2 + U3 + U4 + I + W) = Galicia 12,3%.
And remembering that the total sum of sequences mtdna H is of 77% (Eva-Liis Loogväli et al., 2004).

This is rather interesting information. I have always felt, from everything I have researched, that the large percentage of M-81 in Iberia is pre-Neolithic.

 

[callaeca]

The mean frequency for the sequences belonging to superhaplogroup L, typical for sub-Saharan populations, reaches 3.83% ([+ or -]0.59%) in Iberia, representing 40 sequences in the total sample of 1,045 individuals. The frequency is clearly higher in Portugal (32 sequences in 549 individuals; 5.83%) than in Spain (8 out of 496; 1.61%) and without parallel in the rest of Europe. Furthermore, in western Iberia, increasing frequencies are observed for Galicia and northern Portugal (3.26% and 3.21%, respectively--a value similar to the one found in the rest of Spain) through the center (5.02%) and to the south (11.38%). The overall geographic Iberian heterogeneity is highly significant (p = 0.0003 in the chi-square for the 2 X 9 contingency table), as is the heterogeneity for the four western populations (p = 0.0110). This pattern is also consistent with historical reports referring to a predominant introduction of slaves in southern Portugal (Lahon 1999).(cf. African female heritage in Iberia: a reassessment of mtDNA lineage distribution in present times.2005)

 

[Cambrius (The Red)]

The mean frequency for the sequences belonging to superhaplogroup L, typical for sub-Saharan populations, reaches 3.83% ([+ or -]0.59%) in Iberia, representing 40 sequences in the total sample of 1,045 individuals. The frequency is clearly higher in Portugal (32 sequences in 549 individuals; 5.83%) than in Spain (8 out of 496; 1.61%) and without parallel in the rest of Europe. Furthermore, in western Iberia, increasing frequencies are observed for Galicia and northern Portugal (3.26% and 3.21%, respectively--a value similar to the one found in the rest of Spain) through the center (5.02%) and to the south (11.38%). The overall geographic Iberian heterogeneity is highly significant (p = 0.0003 in the chi-square for the 2 X 9 contingency table), as is the heterogeneity for the four western populations (p = 0.0110). This pattern is also consistent with historical reports referring to a predominant introduction of slaves in southern Portugal (Lahon 1999).(cf. African female heritage in Iberia: a reassessment of mtDNA lineage distribution in present times.2005)

And then again you have more recent studies such as Beleza et al. (2005 / 2006) and Auton et al. 2009 where very insignificant levels of Sub-Saharan haplogroups / admixture were recorded in both Spain and Portugal. Scientists are now posing interesting questions as regards the methodologies of earlier research, and the substantial variance in figures from study to study suggests that at least some samplings, particularly in Portugal, were not representative. In other words, some of the participants may not have been of native origin ancestry, in the strict sense of the word. Why, for example, would you collect a portion of southern Portuguese samples from the Alcacer do Sal and Terras do Sado populations, given that these areas had a very long history of being socially isolated communities due to slavery and serious diseases? Makes one wonder...

 

[Wilhelm]

The mean frequency for the sequences belonging to superhaplogroup L, typical for sub-Saharan populations, reaches 3.83% ([+ or -]0.59%) in Iberia, representing 40 sequences in the total sample of 1,045 individuals. The frequency is clearly higher in Portugal (32 sequences in 549 individuals; 5.83%) than in Spain (8 out of 496; 1.61%) and without parallel in the rest of Europe. Furthermore, in western Iberia, increasing frequencies are observed for Galicia and northern Portugal (3.26% and 3.21%, respectively--a value similar to the one found in the rest of Spain) through the center (5.02%) and to the south (11.38%). The overall geographic Iberian heterogeneity is highly significant (p = 0.0003 in the chi-square for the 2 X 9 contingency table), as is the heterogeneity for the four western populations (p = 0.0110). This pattern is also consistent with historical reports referring to a predominant introduction of slaves in southern Portugal (Lahon 1999).(cf. African female heritage in Iberia: a reassessment of mtDNA lineage distribution in present times.2005)

Callaeca, a new study in 2010 in a sample of 686 has not found any L in Spain, and only 1.9% in Andalusia :
http://biotech-events.ifrance.com/CONFERENCES2006/037 LOPEZ_PEREZ.pdf