A Corded Ware Wetlands Settlement in the Netherlands

Angela

Angela

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Metals were not popular in Corded Ware Baltics as well.
 
Thank you, Angela. That paper looks very interesting. And quite detailed.
 
It is to long to read now, indeed, I made a note and may return to this later.
Corded ware was not regarded as intrusive in the Netherlands, more as a blending with the local culture.
You may look up Swifterbant culture which was before Corded ware on the islands between the tides.
It was seen as an adaptation of local HG to LBK.
However there is a place called Urk, which used to be an island and the inhabitants were fishermen. There are a lot G2a reported there, alltough they look very much like regular Dutchmen (blond, blue eyes, tall).
 
bicicleur said:
It is to long to read now, indeed, I made a note and may return to this later.
Corded ware was not regarded as intrusive in the Netherlands, more as a blending with the local culture.
You may look up Swifterbant culture which was before Corded ware on the islands between the tides.
It was seen as an adaptation of local HG to LBK.
However there is a place called Urk, which used to be an island and the inhabitants were fishermen. There are a lot G2a reported there, alltough they look very much like regular Dutchmen (blond, blue eyes, tall).
Click to expand...
Where can I read about % of G2a in Urk ?
 
Well, perhaps Corded Ware in certain parts of the horizon was more "Indo-European" like, but this group doesn't seem to carry most of what has popularly been seen as the "Indo-European package". I'm going to check out what Anthony has to say about it and also refresh my recollection of when metals made their appearance in Corded areas.
 
Angela said:
Well, perhaps Corded Ware in certain parts of the horizon was more "Indo-European" like, but this group doesn't seem to carry most of what has popularly been seen as the "Indo-European package". I'm going to check out what Anthony has to say about it and also refresh my recollection of when metals made their appearance in Corded areas.
Click to expand...

I suspect that the later and more eastern Corded Ware sites would show more evidence of artifacts that are typically thought of as being "Indo-European". The earliest DNA data for Corded Ware is typical Neolithic with the Y haplotype R1a samples coming a bit later, although we don't have enough samples to be sure that was representative. But if we had more data, I think we'd find a clear pattern of more R1a and, in the later sites, perhaps some imported bronze items or at least more copper than would be found in Corded Ware sites further west.
 
Robert6 said:
Where can I read about % of G2a in Urk ?
Click to expand...

Hi Robert, I'm not so sure any more this is true.

Some G2a people from Urk claim on fora like Eupedia and others that they found in private databases many other G2a around Urk with the same haplogroup.
However I checked myself on a public database : https://www.familytreedna.com/public/G-YDNA/default.aspx?section=yresults
I found only one individuel from Urk :

Predicted Haplogroup: G-M201

Subgroup: 106 G2a2b2a1b.. only predicted L497+_Rec: test for Z726 (persons with 67 markers), others test Z725
Name: Snoek
Most Distant Ancestor: Lubbert Jellesz.gedoopt te Urk op 11januari 1722
Marker Location: Urk, Nederland
Lat, Lng: (52.660984, 5.60042953)
He has ancestors on Urk till 1722.

The story about Swifterbant culture is interesting though, you should check it.
Swifterbant developped an economy that was totaly different from Ertebolle, who lived north of them in a similar environment (between the tides)
 
bicicleur said:
Hi Robert, I'm not so sure any more this is true.

Some G2a people from Urk claim on fora like Eupedia and others that they found in private databases many other G2a around Urk with the same haplogroup.
However I checked myself on a public database : https://www.familytreedna.com/public/G-YDNA/default.aspx?section=yresults
I found only one individuel from Urk :

Predicted Haplogroup: G-M201

Subgroup: 106 G2a2b2a1b.. only predicted L497+_Rec: test for Z726 (persons with 67 markers), others test Z725
Name: Snoek
Most Distant Ancestor: Lubbert Jellesz.gedoopt te Urk op 11januari 1722
Marker Location: Urk, Nederland
Lat, Lng: (52.660984, 5.60042953)
He has ancestors on Urk till 1722.

The story about Swifterbant culture is interesting though, you should check it.
Swifterbant developped an economy that was totaly different from Ertebolle, who lived north of them in a similar environment (between the tides)
Click to expand...

as per the 2013 austrian paper on G , the L497 which accounts for 85% plus in Austria has origins only in austria according to rootsi.
it is next found in NE-Italy and in coastal romania
 
Hi, thankyou for finding our research, I am one of theresearchers, my specialty was the spatial analysis. The paper linked to aboveis only the synthesis, if anyone is interested in the full publications theyare available for free download here www dot singlegrave dot nlit also give more background on the project. Attached to this project are threePhD students: Sandra Beckerman (Ceramics), Virginia Diaz-Garcia(Lithics/usewear), and myself (spatial analysis). These PhDs will be publishedsometime this year, I’ve almost finished writing mine.

The corded ware phenomenon (also known as single graveculture, or battle axe culture – terms we are trying to move away from) in theNetherlands is fascinating, full of hunter gatherer tradition (duck hunting,deep sea fishing etc.) whilst also cattle herding, and cereal production. Atthe Zeewijk settlement there is at least 1ha of ard marks.

Whilst our research looked at domestic settlements I was surprisedto discover a mortuary structure at Mienakker. Essentially a long barrowconstruction with the typical burial in the wider end, for those of you who arewell versed in this you will realise that long barrows were not built in Europein the Late Neolithic, also this part f the Netherlands is outside of thetraditional long barrow distribution. So all very exciting, I hope to write a paperon that shortly.
If you have any questions I will try my best to answer them.
Thank you again for the interest,
Gary

 
Gary Nobles said:
Hi, thankyou for finding our research, I am one of theresearchers, my specialty was the spatial analysis. The paper linked to aboveis only the synthesis, if anyone is interested in the full publications theyare available for free download here www dot singlegrave dot nlit also give more background on the project. Attached to this project are threePhD students: Sandra Beckerman (Ceramics), Virginia Diaz-Garcia(Lithics/usewear), and myself (spatial analysis). These PhDs will be publishedsometime this year, I’ve almost finished writing mine.

The corded ware phenomenon (also known as single graveculture, or battle axe culture – terms we are trying to move away from) in theNetherlands is fascinating, full of hunter gatherer tradition (duck hunting,deep sea fishing etc.) whilst also cattle herding, and cereal production. Atthe Zeewijk settlement there is at least 1ha of ard marks.

Whilst our research looked at domestic settlements I was surprisedto discover a mortuary structure at Mienakker. Essentially a long barrowconstruction with the typical burial in the wider end, for those of you who arewell versed in this you will realise that long barrows were not built in Europein the Late Neolithic, also this part f the Netherlands is outside of thetraditional long barrow distribution. So all very exciting, I hope to write a paperon that shortly.
If you have any questions I will try my best to answer them.
Thank you again for the interest,
Gary
Click to expand...
Thanks Gary for introducing yourself here. I have questions:
Netherlands seems to be placed at farthest Western reach of Corded Ware. Were there anomalies of Holland region Corded Ware culture, when you compared it to Corded Ware of its center, like Poland? Was it strongly Corded Ware or were their many transitional elements pertaining to Bell Beaker? Was there something left over from LBK, or full cultural change to Corded Ware?

IIRC, one of the sites from your paper didn't have any agricultural elements, just hunting and gathering. Do you think it was a seasonal hunting spot of farmers, or seasonal spot of nomadic hunter-gatherers? I'm assuming there were still groups of hunter-gatherers roaming Northern Europe at the time of Corded Ware. They could have embraced the mainstream culture, like pottery and language of Corded Ware folks, but kept hunting instead of doing a field work. I'm sure it was easier for hunter-gatherers to turn herders, than to be true farmers who plough fields.

You say, you do spatial analysis. Can you explain to us what does this mean exactly. Location of artifacts in the ground, topography of sites, temporal, genetic speciation?

Any plans doing genetic analyses of remains?

Can you check the link to your paper. It doesn't work for me.
 
Hi LeBrok,
The Netherlandslies on the edge of the Corded Ware phenomenon, that is true. It has beenlabeled the Single Grave Culture (SGC) due to burials found singularly in flatgraves or under mounds.
The CordedWare ceramics ae typical for this region, I do not know how they compare toPolish assemblages, I’m no ceramic specialist (although I’m getting better!).
Traditionallythis area is outside of the LBK region, hunter-gather life styles persist to adegree, whilst they also farm and herd cattle. At Keinsmerbrug (the small seasonalsettlement) materials were brought in from elsewhere. But this site is linkedto the more agricultural settlements in a larger system. They are interconnected,people are moving around, some settlements may be permanent but the people arehighly mobile.
Evidencefor ploughing comes from Swifterbant (Early Neolithic) to the south, this ishand tilage. The ard is introduced to this area in the TRB (west group)parallel with Vlaardingen Culture both proceed the SGC/CWC. So ploughing occursat some locations and not others, but it is a standard subsistence for these people,as is deep sea fishing, duck hunting, seal hunting, cattle herding (andsheep/goat, pig). So a mix of everything!
Nomadichunter-gatherers (in the traditional sense) were long gone, whilst theNeolithic is seen as farmers, people settling down to farm, I believe they werefar more mobile not tethered to their settlements but able to leave on huntingtrips etc. I hope this answers most of your questions.
For spatialanalysis I use a GIS and integrated stats packages, mainly variations on kerneldensity estimation, spatial autocorrelation, heirarchival clustering (dependingon the questions I’m asking). For keinsmrbrug the analysed flint distribution helpedto identify 2 house structures and internal activity areas, everything seemedto take place in the house, albeit in various locations. At Mienakkeractivities take place inside and outside, inside mainly stone, flint, and amberworking, juxtaposed with animal processing outside. Animals such as seal wereprocessed elsewhere, presumably at the kill site and their meat and hidesreturned to the settlement. Fish particulary Haddock (deep sea >20m below)were caught in winter, they measured upto 70cm in length, and lots were caught,we have potential remains of a skin lined canoe (also published in the book). Inthe same outside area cereals were processed before being combined into mixedresource meals in the decorated ceramic vessels.
So I lookat spatial statistics, I analysed the settlement topography to take in accountsite formation processes etc.
Wecontemplated doing some genetic testing, but in this area there are only 2known burials, both from settlements, analysis wouldn’t answer many questionsbut would likely create more, but they are available for testing.
I can’tplace the link here, I need to post 10 times, this is post 2! But for somereason you need the www in front so it is www dot singlegrave dot nl. If thisfails there are some parts of the reports on my academia dot edu page, justsearch Gary Nobles Groningen University.
I hope thatanswers your questions but I always welcome more!
Gary

 
Gary Nobles said:
Hi LeBrok,
The Netherlandslies on the edge of the Corded Ware phenomenon, that is true. It has beenlabeled the Single Grave Culture (SGC) due to burials found singularly in flatgraves or under mounds.
The CordedWare ceramics ae typical for this region, I do not know how they compare toPolish assemblages, I’m no ceramic specialist (although I’m getting better!).
Traditionallythis area is outside of the LBK region, hunter-gather life styles persist to adegree, whilst they also farm and herd cattle. At Keinsmerbrug (the small seasonalsettlement) materials were brought in from elsewhere. But this site is linkedto the more agricultural settlements in a larger system. They are interconnected,people are moving around, some settlements may be permanent but the people arehighly mobile.
Evidencefor ploughing comes from Swifterbant (Early Neolithic) to the south, this ishand tilage. The ard is introduced to this area in the TRB (west group)parallel with Vlaardingen Culture both proceed the SGC/CWC. So ploughing occursat some locations and not others, but it is a standard subsistence for these people,as is deep sea fishing, duck hunting, seal hunting, cattle herding (andsheep/goat, pig). So a mix of everything!
Nomadichunter-gatherers (in the traditional sense) were long gone, whilst theNeolithic is seen as farmers, people settling down to farm, I believe they werefar more mobile not tethered to their settlements but able to leave on huntingtrips etc. I hope this answers most of your questions.
For spatialanalysis I use a GIS and integrated stats packages, mainly variations on kerneldensity estimation, spatial autocorrelation, heirarchival clustering (dependingon the questions I’m asking). For keinsmrbrug the analysed flint distribution helpedto identify 2 house structures and internal activity areas, everything seemedto take place in the house, albeit in various locations. At Mienakkeractivities take place inside and outside, inside mainly stone, flint, and amberworking, juxtaposed with animal processing outside. Animals such as seal wereprocessed elsewhere, presumably at the kill site and their meat and hidesreturned to the settlement. Fish particulary Haddock (deep sea >20m below)were caught in winter, they measured upto 70cm in length, and lots were caught,we have potential remains of a skin lined canoe (also published in the book). Inthe same outside area cereals were processed before being combined into mixedresource meals in the decorated ceramic vessels.
So I lookat spatial statistics, I analysed the settlement topography to take in accountsite formation processes etc.
Wecontemplated doing some genetic testing, but in this area there are only 2known burials, both from settlements, analysis wouldn’t answer many questionsbut would likely create more, but they are available for testing.
I can’tplace the link here, I need to post 10 times, this is post 2! But for somereason you need the www in front so it is www dot singlegrave dot nl. If thisfails there are some parts of the reports on my academia dot edu page, justsearch Gary Nobles Groningen University.
I hope thatanswers your questions but I always welcome more!
Gary
Click to expand...
Thanks for answer Gary. You got a very detailed picture of this SGC, great job. Don't contemplate genetic testing too much. We, fans of archeology and genetics here, are very excited about every instance of it. Even if you would get more questions than answers doing DNA tests, with time it will give us a brother picture of SGC and their movement over vast territory, also the level of mixing with locals.
Good luck.
 
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