Etruscan inscription on a stele deciphered

[Angela]

It's being billed as one of the greatest discoveries about the Etruscans in decades, or it will be when all of the inscription is translated.

See:
http://www.archaeology.org/news/4792-160826-etruscan-stele-uni

Among the words is the name given to the Etruscan fertility goddess at this site: Uni

"Discovery News reports that scholars have completed a preliminary reading of the text inscribed on a sandstone stele unearthed at an Etruscan sanctuary in Italy’s Mugello Valley. The 2,500-year-old stele measures about four feet tall by two feet wide, and was found in the foundation of a temple at the site of Poggio Colla. The text, made up of more than 120 characters, has been damaged. “Cleaning at a restoration center in Florence has allowed better visibility of the inscribed signs, making it possible to identify a larger sequence of letters and words,” said researcher Adriano Maggiani. Among the words is the name of the goddess Uni, consort of the Etruscan supreme deity, Tinia. The team members of the Mugello Valley Archaeological Project think the sanctuary where the stele was found may have been dedicated to Uni. They have also recovered weaving tools, pottery, and gold jewelry that point to the worship of a fertility goddess."

See also this Science news article:
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2016/08/160824135508.htm

"[FONT=&quot]The discovery indicates that Uni -- a divinity of fertility and possibly a mother goddess at this particular place -- may have been the titular deity worshipped at the sanctuary of Poggio Colla, a key settlement in Italy for the ancient Etruscan civilization.[/FONT][FONT=&quot]The mention is part of a sacred text that is possibly the longest such Etruscan inscription ever discovered on stone, said archaeologist Gregory Warden, professor emeritus at Southern Methodist University, Dallas, main sponsor of the archaeological dig.[/FONT]
[FONT=&quot]Scientists on the research discovered the ancient stone embedded as part of a temple wall at Poggio Colla, a dig where many other Etruscan objects have been found, including a ceramic fragment with the earliest birth scene in European art. That object reinforces the interpretation of a fertility cult at Poggio Colla, Warden said."

This is the carving of the birth. It makes sense if this was a place of worship of the fertility goddess.

https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/bc/2a/de/bc2ade90909ba23e99e42bfb3e3cd33a.jpg

This is a site about Uni:
https://s-media-cache-ak0.pinimg.com/236x/bc/2a/de/bc2ade90909ba23e99e42bfb3e3cd33a.jpg

She was the forerunner of Juno, but seems to have had more power, which makes sense for an Etruscan female deity: she was the protectress of many cities, and of women, and had the ability to hurl thunderbolts to help her. In Italian mythology she was held to be the mother of Hercules.

"[FONT=&quot]The worship of Juno in Rome was traditionally said to have been brought there from the great Etruscan city of Veia (Latin Veii), about 11 miles northwest of Rome, so my guess is that the Latin derives from the Etruscan and Uni is first."

"[/FONT][FONT=&quot]Uni had two sanctuaries in Pyrgi (the Latin name of the city), the port of the city of Cisra or Chaisra: the older one dates to the 6th century BCE, the newer one to the 5th century, and both are dedicated to Her as Uni-Astarte."

[/FONT][FONT=&quot]"[/FONT][FONT=&quot]Classical writers referred to Her temple at Pyrgi as belonging to Ilithiya or Lucina, Greek and Roman names, respectively, of Birth-Goddesses, suggesting that Uni's cult in Pyrgi was especially focussed on Her aspect as Mother and Childbirth Goddess; however this must have been only one of Her facets worshipped there,"

[/FONT][FONT=&quot]
[/FONT]This is an Etruscan pendant of a woman carrying a child:

Some of my favorite Etruscan representations of women:

These look medieval, not pre-Roman.

The Etruscan site at Poggio Colla:[/FONT]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poggio_Colla

"Thus far, the identified seeds includes cereal, mainly barley, wheat, broad beans, chickpeas, and grape pips. "

"The faunal remains recovered from Poggio Colla primarily contains the remains of cattle, sheep/goat and pig, as well as the remains of dog and wild species. The relative importance of pigs increases over time; this trend is linked to intensification of meat production and rising urban populations. Similar faunal assemblages have been found in other Etruscan settlements.A black-glaze olpe filled with one hundred Roman silver victoriati was discovered in 2001 in the west end of the Poggio Colla acropolis. The significance of the finding is that it is found in a sanctuary; and it was buried after the sanctuary was destroyed in the late 3rd century BCE."

These are stele from the area:

 

[Nik]

Great post. Any idea about the translated inscription itself as I couldn't find anything as of now.

 

[Angela]

Great post. Any idea about the translated inscription itself as I couldn't find anything as of now.

No, I haven't found anything yet either.

This is the longest Etruscan inscription ever found, which is part of the excitement. All of their writings except for funerary ones and religious ones carved into stone are lost, and most of those have only been a few words in length, so everything we know is in the form of deductions from the archaeology.*

It will be really interesting to hear them speak at length for themselves.

*Or what others, often their rivals or even enemies, said about them.

 

[Sile]

The find puts clearly a separation between the Etruscan and rhaetian people.

The Raetia people followed the Venetic Goddess Reitia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reitia

The settlement of Tiroladinien began during the Iron Age, in the 9th century before the Christ. The land was taken by the people of the Raetians, which had a proto-celtic culture. From this period we have received many relics, ruins of early farms, tombs where princes were burried with valuable grave goods of bronce and iron, and even the first place of worship of the pre-christian goddes Reitia.

 

[Pax Augusta]

No, I haven't found anything yet either.

This is the longest Etruscan inscription ever found, which is part of the excitement. All of their writings except for funerary ones and religious ones carved into stone are lost, and most of those have only been a few words in length, so everything we know is in the form of deductions from the archaeology.

It will be really interesting to hear them speak at length for themselves.

Indeed.

The find puts clearly a separation between the Etruscan and rhaetian people.

The Raetia people followed the Venetic Goddess Reitia

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reitia

The settlement of Tiroladinien began during the Iron Age, in the 9th century before the Christ. The land was taken by the people of the Raetians, which had a proto-celtic culture. From this period we have received many relics, ruins of early farms, tombs where princes were burried with valuable grave goods of bronce and iron, and even the first place of worship of the pre-christian goddes Reitia.

Uni is the Latin Juno and Greek Hera. According to some scholars Reitia is just the Rhaetian version of Uni/Juno/Hera.

Actually it exists a large consensus about a link between Etruscan and Rhaetian language among Italian and German/Austrian scholars.

An epigraphic (Marchesini, chapter 6) and linguistic analysis (de Simone, chapter 7) are given to the technical description of form and content of the inscription. Moreover a conclusive, historical-linguistic chapter (Marchesini, chapter 8) complete the book, presenting an overview on the research of the Etruscan-Raetic-Tyrrenic connections.
The text analysis and comprehension of the Demlfeld plate has lead us to this subject, i.e. the relationships between these three peoples, since its close linguistic affinity not only with the Etruscan language, but also to the language of the Lemnian inscriptions, is evident.
The recently published epigraphic text from Lemnos, namely the inscribed support of an anathema from Ephestia also confirms, in its text patterns, the deep relationship between Tyrrhenic and Etruscan. The linguistic evidence of genealogical affinity among the three languages offers a new, assured argument to support the difficult reconstruction of the pre- and proto-historical European world.

La lamina di Demlfeld, Considerazioni storico linguistiche

https://www.academia.edu/5066954/La_lamina_di_Demlfeld_Considerazioni_storico_linguistiche

https://www.academia.edu/7606972/Nuove_iscrizioni_retiche_da_Cles_e_Sanzeno_Trento_

https://www.academia.edu/6857405/I_...ati_linguistici_il_caso_della_mozione_etrusca

http://lila.sns.it/mnamon/index.php?page=Lingua&id=41&lang=en

 

[Sennevini]

Very nice. Of course some media outlets twisted the words, claiming "a new goddess was discovered", whereas Uni has been known for years.

 

[Sile]

Indeed.





Uni is the Latin Juno and Greek Hera. According to some scholars Reitia is just the Rhaetian version of Uni/Juno/Hera.

Actually it exists a large consensus about a link between Etruscan and Rhaetian language among Italian and German/Austrian scholars.




La lamina di Demlfeld, Considerazioni storico linguistiche

https://www.academia.edu/5066954/La_lamina_di_Demlfeld_Considerazioni_storico_linguistiche

https://www.academia.edu/7606972/Nuove_iscrizioni_retiche_da_Cles_e_Sanzeno_Trento_

https://www.academia.edu/6857405/I_...ati_linguistici_il_caso_della_mozione_etrusca

http://lila.sns.it/mnamon/index.php?page=Lingua&id=41&lang=en

The Romans would also have have a "juno" for a chinese goddess! ...............the point is , if the rhaetians and Etruscans where the same people then they would have the same named goddess.

The lemnos stelae is ~300 younger than when the etruscans where first noted in Tuscany, the latest conclusion is that etruscan traders worked on the stone when they went trading there. There is no link between the lemnians and etruscans

 

[Angela]

Sile: The Romans would also have have a "juno" for a chinese goddess! ...............the point is , if the rhaetians and Etruscans where the same people then they would have the same named goddess

The Etruscans had various names for the fertility/female/life giving force in the universe, depending on the particular aspect being appealed to, and even depending on the town. The Etruscan League was made up of basically independent city states which fought against each other and only formed a rather tenuous union against certain outside forces, so some differences are to be expected.

See: Turan, for the "sexual" aspect of the fertility goddess, perhaps analogous to Venus. There was also Uni-the wife, mother aspect, and Minvra for wisdom.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turan_(mythology)
http://www.thaliatook.com/OGOD/turan.html

She's usually winged, and very young,]and strikes me as younger than Venus.

As with a lot of Etruscan art, and in contrast to Greek and Roman art, there's often a sense of whimsy and play. Here she is coquettishly flipping up her skirt to show off her pretty boots and lovely legs. You'd swear she could turn to life in an instant.

As for the Raetians, I don't know, and neither does anyone else, what the Raetians were like genetically, whether they were "Etruscans", whatever that even means, who fled to the mountains, or partly Etruscan, or even if all the Etruscans were the same. Perhaps some day we'll have the ancient dna to figure these things out. I do know that you can't decide who was related to whom, or which peoples shared the same culture solely by the fact that they had different names for one fertility goddess, particularly in light of the fact that the Etruscans seemed to have a lot of names for her.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhaetian_people

Reitia is listed as a goddess of the Adriatic Veneti. She is sometimes described as the goddess of writing, which would be very anachronistic for very early times, as writing came late to this area, but perhaps the idea was adopted from the Etruscan Minvra. Sometimes she's called the goddess of childbirth, like Uni. We can see just by this that there was a certain fluidity to these concepts.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reitia

After the "Raeti" are attested in the Alpine region, they are said to worship Reitia. We don't know how the two are related. We don't even know whether the name "Raeti" as applied to this Alpine confederation is an endonym or an exonym, or when in their history it was applied to them. Perhaps they took Raeti as a name for themselves, or it was given to them, after they started worshiping this goddess. That doesn't mean that's the name under which they always worshiped the fertility goddess. No one really knows. I don't think that we should pretend that we do.

 

[Sile]

Etruscans and rhaetians have zero in common except they traded together

The Rhaetians and Venetics spoke a similar language
http://www.korenine.si/zborniki/zbornik07/tomezzoli_dist07.pdf

because the Venetics are in essence the indigenous Euganei people. The Euganei and the Rhaetians are "first cousins"

I would ignore the old linguist , Helmut Rix on any Etruscan-Rhaetian link .

............................................

The Etruscans are more related to the Umbrians than the Rhaetians.

There are 3 current thoughts on the Etruscans.

1 - they migrated from SW-Turkey to Italy

2 - they where always in italy as Umbri

3 - they where always in italy as Umbri and some elite Lydian ( Anatolia ) people came to Italy to dominate the populace.

IMO, 1 and 3 seem less likely ..................1 due to migrating a whole populace around 900BC to Italy, what happened to the indigenous populace ...............and 3 due to the fact that no mention was made of lydian connection during their Lydian-Phygian war of ~500BC , no connection with etruscans even though at the time Etruscan traders where trading with Lydians

 

[Angela]

You know, you should charge people who want access to your crystal ball.

See post #5.

 

[Pax Augusta]

the latest conclusion is that etruscan traders worked on the stone when they went trading there. There is no link between the lemnians and etruscans

This is the latest conclusion, repetita iuvant.

An epigraphic (Marchesini, chapter 6) and linguistic analysis (de Simone, chapter 7) are given to the technical description of form and content of the inscription. Moreover a conclusive, historical-linguistic chapter (Marchesini, chapter 8) complete the book, presenting an overview on the research of the Etruscan-Raetic-Tyrrenic connections. The text analysis and comprehension of the Demlfeld plate has lead us to this subject, i.e. the relationships between these three peoples (Etruscan-Raetic-Tyrrenic), since its close linguistic affinity not only with the Etruscan language, but also to the language of the Lemnian inscriptions, is evident. The recently published epigraphic text from Lemnos, namely the inscribed support of an anathema from Ephestia also confirms, in its text patterns, the deep relationship between Tyrrhenic and Etruscan. The linguistic evidence of genealogical affinity among the three languages offers a new, assured argument to support the difficult reconstruction of the pre- and proto-historical European world.

Together with Etruscan and the language of the Island of Lemnos (in Northern Aegaeis, “Tyrsenic”), the Rhaetic language belongs to a non Indo-European language family called Common Tyrrhenic, identified in 1998 by H. Rix, confirmed in 1999 by S. Schumacher and recently outlined by de Simone 2009, de Simone, Marchesini 2013 and Marchesini 2014. Common features of the three languages have been observed in phonology, morphology and syntax. Lexical correspondences are rarely attested, due not only to the limited number of well-conserved Rhaetic and Tyrsenic texts, but also to the very early date at which the languages split. According to archaeological and linguistic data, the split must have taken place prehistorically, certainly before the Bronze Age.

The genetic relationship between Etruscan and Reatic language is older than the relationship between Etruscan and Lemnian.

According to this paper, the text analysis and comprehension of the Demlfeld plate found in Austria, Etruscan and Reatic descend from a very old Tyrsenian language, called Common Tyrrhenic. The Raetic was the first to separate itself from this common linguistic ancestor, later the Etruscan. Then from the Etruscan derived the Lemnian (which in the figure is called Tyrrhenian).

Sources:

La lamina di Demlfeld, Considerazioni storico linguistiche

https://www.academia.edu/5066954/La_lamina_di_Demlfeld_Considerazioni_storico_linguistiche

https://www.academia.edu/7606972/Nuove_iscrizioni_retiche_da_Cles_e_Sanzeno_Trento_

https://www.academia.edu/6857405/I_...ati_linguistici_il_caso_della_mozione_etrusca

http://lila.sns.it/mnamon/index.php?page=Lingua&id=41&lang=en


On the same wavelength, few years earlier the Dutch scholar Luuk De Ligt stated that Lemnian language could have arrived in the Aegean Sea during the Late Bronze Age, when Mycenaean rulers recruited groups of mercenaries from the Italian peninsula, Scily and Sardinia.

http://www.talanta.nl/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/TAL-40-412008-2009-pag-151-172-DeLigt.pdf

L. Bouke van der Meer, Leiden University, 2013.

As for Etruscan immigration(s) into Italy based on Herodotus and the non-Greek, Etruscoid Lemnian inscriptions, there is now evidence to the contrary: Etruscan pirates from Southern Etruria may have settled on Lemnos, around 700 BC or earlier and had been responsible for the inscriptions. Moreover, Carlo de Simone has definitely shown that Etruscan is not an Anatolian language.3 The Etruscan numerals, very characteristic elements of any language, do not have any parallels in Anatolian or other languages. In addition, there are no lexical comparanda in Caucasian languages.

 

[Pax Augusta]

Etruscans and rhaetians have zero in common except they traded together

Sile, this is not true and is just your opinion.

It's more than 5000 years that there are continuous relations between the Rhaetic and Etruscan area. There is much more than simple trade.

There are so many place names of pre-Roman origin in the Rhaetic area (Veneto, Trentino, South Tyrol, Austria and Switzerland) that can be traced to an Etruscan origin, or rather, to a common proto-Rhaetian-Etruscan origin, it is only a matter of time.

Why the Ötzi’s copper axe was made of metal obtained from ore mined in South Tuscany? Otzi may have been a native of the Eisack/Isarco Valley, and maybe from Feldthurns/Velturno itself. Feldthurns/Velturno is toponomy of pre-Roman origin, Felthur/Velthur sounds so Etruscan that it hurts!

Chemical isotopes in the Iceman's teeth suggested he may have grown up near modern-day Feldthurns, Italy. (Amanda Lanser, Ötzi the Iceman, p. 75)

Ötzi – a treacherous murder – with links to Central Italy (October 2016)
Scientists present the latest findings at an International Mummy Congress

The copper used to make Ötzi’s axe blade did not come from the Alpine region as had previously been supposed, but from ore mined in southern Tuscany. Ötzi was probably not involved in working the metal himself, as the high levels of arsenic and copper found in his hair had, until now, led us to assume. His murder over 5,000 years ago seems to have been brought about due to a personal conflict a few days before his demise, and the man from the ice, despite his normal weight and active life-style, suffered from extensive vascular calcification. Scientists from all over the world presented these and other new insights, at the International Mummy Congress in Bozen-Bolzano.

Links to Central Italy

One surprising new fact has been unearthed which concerns the most extraordinary item amongst Ötzi’s equipment – the valuable copper axe. In contrast to what had previously been presumed, the copper used in the blade does not derive from the Alpine region (researchers had suggested East or North Tyrol as the most likely provenance) but from Central Italy. Professor Gilberto Artioli‘s archaeometallurgy research group at the University of Padua has discovered that the metal had been obtained from ore mined in South Tuscany.

In order to determine its origin, Italian scientists took a tiny sample from the blade and compared the proportion of lead isotope – a kind of “finger print” of the ore deposits which remains unchanged in any objects subsequently made from the ore – with the corresponding data from numerous mineral deposits in Europe and the entire Mediterranean region. The result pointed unequivocally to South Tuscany.

because the Venetics are in essence the indigenous Euganei people. The Euganei and the Rhaetians are "first cousins"

If Euganei and the Rhaetians are "first cousins" it's because one of their main component descend from the similar Neolithic stock. But we still know almost nothing about Euganei.

I would ignore the old linguist , Helmut Rix on any Etruscan-Rhaetian link .

You can't ignore the German scholar Helmut Rix, and no way he can be considered an "old" scholar, he died in 2004.

The Rhaetians and Venetics spoke a similar language
http://www.korenine.si/zborniki/zbornik07/tomezzoli_dist07.pdf

Would you ignore a respected German scholar like Helmut Rix and are you accepting the claim at face value of an amateur paper who feed the Slovenian/Venetian nationalism? Giancarlo Tomezzoli has a degree in Astronomy, there is no Academic CV available of Marco Silvestri, who is not a scholar and neither an Academician. They are trying to prove that Venetics is not an Italic language. If they are right, they have proved that Venetics is a pre-Indoeuropean language just like the Rhaetic and Etruscan. Whatever floats their boat!

I can even show you a Slovenian scholar who states that Etruscans are related to the Slovenians, along with Veneti.

Jože Škulj. "Etruscans, Veneti and Slovenians: A genetic perspective." The Voice of Canadian Slovenians/Glasilo kanadskih slovencev (September/October 2004): pages 53-56. Uses several genetic studies to compare ancient DNA (mostly mtDNA) with modern populations, including Slovenians. Excerpts:

While Tuscans share 2 haplotypes with the Etruscans, Slovenians and Bosnians share 3 haplotypes. It should also be noted that 2 additional Etruscan haplotypes from Adria in Veneto, differ from the Slovenian haplotypes by one to three substitutions. Considering the evidence, this shows the relatively strong genetic mtDNA relationship between ancient Veneti and modern day Slovenians. [...] There is a genetic continuity between the ancient Etruscans and Veneti and the present day Slovenians. Genetic information makes it evident, that Slovenians are indigenous to their land as indicated by the mtDNA relationship with the 2,500 year old skeletal remains of the Etruscans, particularly those from Adria in Veneto. [...]"

The Etruscans are more related to the Umbrians than the Rhaetians.

There are 3 current thoughts on the Etruscans.

1 - they migrated from SW-Turkey to Italy

2 - they where always in italy as Umbri

3 - they where always in italy as Umbri and some elite Lydian ( Anatolia ) people came to Italy to dominate the populace.

IMO, 1 and 3 seem less likely ..................1 due to migrating a whole populace around 900BC to Italy, what happened to the indigenous populace ...............and 3 due to the fact that no mention was made of lydian connection during their Lydian-Phygian war of ~500BC , no connection with etruscans even though at the time Etruscan traders where trading with Lydians

There are three main historical theories

1 - A Lydian migration (Heorodotus)

2- A migration from the Alps (Pliny the Elder)

3- Autochthonous (Dionysius of Halicarnassus).



There have been many studies on the Etruscans, but this is one of the few studies who have used both ancient Etruscan and modern population DNA.

Origins and Evolution of the Etruscans’ mtDNA
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0055519

Comparing ancient (30 Etruscans, 27 Medieval individuals) and modern DNA sequences (370 Tuscans), with the results of millions of computer simulations, we show that the Etruscans can be considered ancestral, with a high degree of confidence, to the current inhabitants of Casentino and Volterra, but not to the general contemporary population of the former Etruscan homeland. By further considering two Anatolian samples we could estimate that the genetic links between Tuscany and Anatolia date back to at least 5,000 years ago, strongly suggesting that the Etruscan culture developed locally, and not as an immediate consequence of immigration from the Eastern Mediterranean shores.

5,000 years ago, basically at the time of Otzi.

 

[Sile]

Sile, this is not true and is just your opinion.

It's more than 5000 years that there are continuous relations between the Rhaetic and Etruscan area. There is much more than simple trade.

There are so many place names of pre-Roman origin in the Rhaetic area (Veneto, Trentino, South Tyrol, Austria and Switzerland) that can be traced to an Etruscan origin, or rather, to a common proto-Rhaetian-Etruscan origin, it is only a matter of time.

Why the Ötzi’s copper axe was made of metal obtained from ore mined in South Tuscany? Otzi may have been a native of the Eisack/Isarco Valley, and maybe from Feldthurns/Velturno itself. Feldthurns/Velturno is toponomy of pre-Roman origin, Felthur/Velthur sounds so Etruscan that it hurts!

Sile, this is not true and is just your opinion.

Not my opinion, but fact.........they traded in one place called......Cologna Veneta...........there was only one Etruscan alphabet found in Raetic lands....in Bolzano, it was a portable tablet.

It's more than 5000 years that there are continuous relations between the Rhaetic and Etruscan area. There is much more than simple trade.

There are so many place names of pre-Roman origin in the Rhaetic area (Veneto, Trentino, South Tyrol, Austria and Switzerland) that can be traced to an Etruscan origin, or rather, to a common proto-Rhaetian-Etruscan origin, it is only a matter of time.

The veneti and rahaetic date from 1200BC as per Elise Perego many finds ( the archeologist ), the etruscans from between 800 to 900 BC.....why the date discrepancy if they are the same people?

Why the Ötzi’s copper axe was made of metal obtained from ore mined in South Tuscany? Otzi may have been a native of the Eisack/Isarco Valley, and maybe from Feldthurns/Velturno itself. Feldthurns/Velturno is toponomy of pre-Roman origin, Felthur/Velthur sounds so Etruscan that it hurts!

Link this south tuscan mining site for the axe..........Last I read was it was part of Remendello and prior technology ( Brescia area )

If Euganei and the Rhaetians are "first cousins" it's because one of their main component descend from the similar Neolithic stock. But we still know almost nothing about Euganei.

Both have more more towns than etruscans......24 and 32 respectively..........the etruscans have but a dozen IIRC

They all use the Euboen alphabet which makes the language side very hard to decifer who created what.

The Etruscan language to this day still cannot be deciphered even though they have found over 10000 words. it is a younger text than Raetic and Euganei ( venetic ) , yet cannot be linked.....seems strange , don't you think!

You can't ignore the German scholar Helmut Rix, and no way he can be considered an "old" scholar, he died in 2004.

many have ignored him , no just me

Would you ignore a respected German scholar like Helmut Rix and are you accepting the claim at face value of an amateur paper who feed the Slovenian/Venetian nationalism? Giancarlo Tomezzoli has a degree in Astronomy, there is no Academic CV available of Marco Silvestri, who is not a scholar and neither an Academician. They are trying to prove that Venetics is not an Italic language. If they are right, they have proved that Venetics is a pre-Indoeuropean language just like the Rhaetic and Etruscan. Whatever floats their boat!

I can even show you a Slovenian scholar who states that Etruscans are related to the Slovenians, along with Veneti.

Jože Škulj. "Etruscans, Veneti and Slovenians: A genetic perspective." The Voice of Canadian Slovenians/Glasilo kanadskih slovencev (September/October 2004): pages 53-56. Uses several genetic studies to compare ancient DNA (mostly mtDNA) with modern populations, including Slovenians. Excerpts:

All are wrong, especially the slovenians, who now have given up this venetic dream and are pursuing an illyrian path.

There are three main historical theories

1 - A Lydian migration (Heorodotus)

2- A migration from the Alps (Pliny the Elder)

3- Autochthonous (Dionysius of Halicarnassus).

1 - found to be wrong as lydian still existed 500 years after the forming of etruscans, and yet not link have been proven why they still existed.

2 - This is an old Italian theory that Etruscans ( italics ) migrated via SW-germany ( swabian lands ) to Italy in the early bronze-age.......Theory is still open.

3 - I have not read of this person......do you have a link

There have been many studies on the Etruscans, but this is one of the few studies who have used both ancient Etruscan and modern population DNA.

Origins and Evolution of the Etruscans’ mtDNA
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0055519

This is Mtdna , it has nothing to do with the ydna






If Euganei and the Rhaetians are "first cousins" it's because one of their main component descend from the similar Neolithic stock. But we still know almost nothing about Euganei.




You can't ignore the German scholar Helmut Rix, and no way he can be considered an "old" scholar, he died in 2004.




Would you ignore a respected German scholar like Helmut Rix and are you accepting the claim at face value of an amateur paper who feed the Slovenian/Venetian nationalism? Giancarlo Tomezzoli has a degree in Astronomy, there is no Academic CV available of Marco Silvestri, who is not a scholar and neither an Academician. They are trying to prove that Venetics is not an Italic language. If they are right, they have proved that Venetics is a pre-Indoeuropean language just like the Rhaetic and Etruscan. Whatever floats their boat!

I can even show you a Slovenian scholar who states that Etruscans are related to the Slovenians, along with Veneti.

Jože Škulj. "Etruscans, Veneti and Slovenians: A genetic perspective." The Voice of Canadian Slovenians/Glasilo kanadskih slovencev (September/October 2004): pages 53-56. Uses several genetic studies to compare ancient DNA (mostly mtDNA) with modern populations, including Slovenians. Excerpts:







There are three main historical theories

1 - A Lydian migration (Heorodotus)

2- A migration from the Alps (Pliny the Elder)

3- Autochthonous (Dionysius of Halicarnassus).



There have been many studies on the Etruscans, but this is one of the few studies who have used both ancient Etruscan and modern population DNA.

Origins and Evolution of the Etruscans’ mtDNA
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0055519



5,000 years ago, basically at the time of Otzi.

see above for explanation

 

[Pax Augusta]

see above for explanation

I've already replied to your explanation.

 

[Sile]

I've already replied to your explanation.

My explanation is within post 13

every time I split/re-quote your quote , the program will only allow me to show it as i presented it ..............sorry if it is confusing ..........or I can just do only one reply to your many quotes in future

 

[Sile]

I've already replied to your explanation.

The Raeti (find places in green on the map) appear to have learned the art of writing from the Veneti rather than the Etruscans (Schumacher 2004: 312–316). While Raetic inscriptions are only known from the 5^th century onward, at a time when Etruscan inscriptions have appeared in the very North (see above), some features of the Raetic script strongly suggest a Venetic source.

http://www.univie.ac.at/raetica/wiki/Script#Raetic



https://www.britannica.com/topic/Italic-languages

 

[Sile]

Reitia is a venetic Goddess .............the Rhaetic people just used the same Venetic diety. The Rhaetic most likely used this diety to name themselves

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reitia