Eritrean uniparental markers

[Angela]

See:
http://khartoumspace.uofk.edu/handle/123456789/19964

The results cover all nine ethno-linguistic groups.

As to the Ydna:
A: 24.73
B: 7.52
E: 46.24
J: 25.31

Not really surprising.

They say in the abstract (which for some reason I can't reproduce) it's largely A-M13, E-V32, J-58. Gee, our late Italian J1s could claim direct ancestry from Eritreans now.

Different groups had different frequencies.

I wish the tables by specific ethnic group and language were available, and more detailed sub-group information, but you have to request a copy of the pdf.

Gebremeskel, Eyoab Iyasu

Abstract:

Background: Eritrea is strategically located at the eastern part of the African Sahel belt over what is believed to be the original scene of modern humans’ evolution and dispersal. The country’s peculiarity is also reflected in the presence of nine ethno-linguistic populations that speak Cushitic, Semitic and Eastern Sudanic languages, makes it all interesting in addressing some of the significant questions pertaining to history of human expansion within and beyond the African landscape. Materials and Methods: To examine the population structure of the Eritrean populations and to infer on their prehistoric genetic place in East Africa, extant Eritrean populations were studied using the MT-CO2 gene, Y chromosome biallelic SNPs and Y-STR markers. The populations included in the study represent nine ethno-linguistic groups and other populations for comparison. Results: This work generated 81 MT-CO2 sequences, 14 Y chromosome haplogroups (using bi-allelic variation) and 86 unique haplotypes from 17-loci Y-STR analysis. Data from these three marker systems in this study and from other regional and worldwide populations were analyzed by using different analytical methods to assess the ancestry and the genetic affinities of the Eritrean populations with each other and other regional populations. Major Y chromosome haplogroups A (24.73%), B (7.52%), E (46.24%) and J (21.51%) were detected in all Eritrean samples. Further high-resolution analysis of the macrohaplogroups resulted in high frequency of A-M13, E-V32 and J-P58 with different proportions found in the populations analyzed to indicate the prehistoric and historic demography of the populations. The x Eritrean MT-CO2 sequence analysis generated 21 mutations (including two novel mutations) and 9 unique haplotypes. In general, an overall genetic admixture was inferred solely on the absence of genetic variation along linguistic affiliation and geographical location of extant Eritrean population. This genetic information in tandem with evidence from archaeology and linguistics appears as a promising way forward to answer some of the tantalizing questions in human histories, like the origin and dispersal of the E haplogroups and their implication to the founding of some major African cultural traits including languages. Conclusion: This thesis altogether presented the first glimpse into the demographic history of the existing genetic landscape of the Eritrean populations and also reflected on the spectacular level of sequence variation and presence of ancestral haplogroups within East Africans in comparison to other African and global samples. Both phylogenetic and network analyses placed East African at the root of the human evolutionary tree and as major contributors to the out-of-Africa event. The implication of the current data to genomics, forensics, and health research, as well as the need to carry out defined studies of human genetic variation that includes more representative African populations particularly East Africans is paramount

 

[bicicleur 2]

J-58 is Arab
some 3 ka Arabs expanded from Yemen into Ethiopia and Sudan, appearantly also in Eritrea
Arabic is a west-Semitic language, so the origin of Arab J-58 is the Levant, probably some 5 ka they moved into Arabia
but some other J-58 may have moved from the Levant into Europe around 5 ka
so Italian J-58 may be pré-Arab, but I guess southern Italy could have some Arabs too
how is J-58 divided over Italy?

 

[bicicleur 2]

they should split E into E1b1b1 and other E
E1b1b1 is Levantine (Natufian) while other E is African
E-V32 is just a deep subclade of E1b1b1, herders coming from the Levant

 

[Angela]

J-58 is Arab
some 3 ka Arabs expanded from Yemen into Ethiopia and Sudan, appearantly also in Eritrea
Arabic is a west-Semitic language, so the origin of Arab J-58 is the Levant, probably some 5 ka they moved into Arabia
but some other J-58 may have moved from the Levant into Europe around 5 ka
so Italian J-58 may be pré-Arab, but I guess southern Italy could have some Arabs too
how is J-58 divided over Italy?

The most important thing is to get the kind of detailed sub-clade resolution and analysis for J1 that has been done for the R and I lineages.

Until then, a lot of the interpretation is pretty speculative. However, generally speaking, this is the way I see the genetics as well.

As for J1 in Italy, I was being a little snarkey in my humor. A lot of people new to these disciplines insist on trying to use genetic data, particularly uniparental data, to give them genealogical information. In most cases it just can't be done. J1 in Italy is just one example of that.

It can be found in small percentages in northern Italy and central Italy, but it is more present in the south. Given its age, it could, as you said, be Bronze Age, from any number of "countries", or Iron Age, i.e. the Phoenicians, although that would be very minor in Italy given the smallness of their "footprint", or Roman era from some slave from the Levant, or indeed from the time of the Moorish invasions of the south, either directly from the Levant or through the "Moors" of North Africa, who have a lot of J1.

It could even, if the "Y" is sufficiently resolved, be Jewish. Of course, that doesn't mean that the man carrying it is Jewish or even has a slice of "Jewish" autosomal dna remaining in him. Some people don't seem to be able to grasp the concept that in certain cases yDna can have very little to do with "ethnic" identity. The fact that it's in the north versus the south is also not dispositive. Unless you're very lucky, you can't trace your lines in Italy back much before the 1500s. So, there might have been movement from the south into the center and north before that period.

As Joe Pickrell's article on these testing companies pointed out, they can't deliver on what they promise. You can't explain that to people who have emotionally invested in a certain ancestry and just want you to validate their preference without their becoming extremely hostile in some cases.

Maciamo's maps of all J1 and also of J1-P58, the so called "Semitic" marker, which need not be "Semitic" at all, are informative, but I don't think he's updated them in quite a while:

In the areas of highest concentration, sometimes areas of very low population, as in the southern Apennines, you might be talking about 8-12%. In most other areas that have it at all, 3-4%.

The relatively high concentration in Foggia, northern Puglia, which is that protrusion on the southern Adriatic side of Italy may, I repeat may, have something to do with the fact that Frederick II relocated some of his Saracen troops to that area. However, some studies of the area found no J1 at all, which would actually comport more with history, which holds that after a rebellion against the Angevins, the Saracen troops were butchered to the last man.
https://books.google.com/books?id=x...EIKzAC#v=onepage&q=Saracens in Foggia&f=false

Even if that figure is correct, that doesn't explain the concentration in the central/southern Apennines. Nor does it explain the relatively high frequencies in the Balkans, so I don't think it's all down to Berber or Levantine yDna from the Muslim invasions. Other than the contingent near Foggia, the Saracens were in mainland Italy for barely a hundred years in some areas, and were never in the central Apennines. So, it's quite complicated.

Given that so many of these old studies did not do much sub-clade resolution, it's even problematical using that data in any new studies. Someone should do a large, new, random, academic survey of the yDna of Italy with very complete subclade resolution and dating, and then maybe we'd be able to come to better conclusions.


Oh, in terms of academic samples there's also Boattini et al. I've always liked that analysis because they base it on regional surnames, and so they get around the problems caused by the large migration of southerners to the north. However, the samples are very small, so it's easy for a yDna lineage to show up by chance in a relatively high number. So, it's percentages have to be interpreted cautiously.

It's discussed in this thread, and in it Maciamo also provides other academic results.
http://www.eupedia.com/forum/threads/28666-Distribution-of-haplogroup-J1-in-Italy-(Boattini-et-al-)

This is an online site which compiles the data of Italian testees who join the project.
http://tipologieeuropidi.altervista.org/template/files/template/genitaly.html

To turn more specifically to this paper, they should and probably do divide the E into various subclades. They just aren't providing access to the data unfortunately. I do find it interesting, however, that they say most of it is V32. That means that as in Europe there was a massive change in the Y dna percentages in the last 3-4,000 years.

 

[bicicleur 2]

Indeed a higher resolution of subclades is needed to draw conclusions.

This is specific about E-V32

and this is the distribution map

IMO clearly some herders from the Levant, like R1b-V88 also is supposed to be

 

[Sile]

Indeed a higher resolution of subclades is needed to draw conclusions.

This is specific about E-V32

and this is the distribution map

IMO clearly some herders from the Levant, like R1b-V88 also is supposed to be

distribution maps tell us nothing unless you can provide the age of subclades .......................as an example, the somali area could be only young subclades and eritea are old subclades

 

[bicicleur 2]

distribution maps tell us nothing unless you can provide the age of subclades .......................as an example, the somali area could be only young subclades and eritea are old subclades

the subclades are not known, but TRMCA for E-V32 is 7400 year which may be the time of arrival in Africa

or only 1 single E-V32 expanded from within Africa as his forfather arrived among the herders

https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-V32/

by the way, do you know which subclades of T are in Africa? and in India?

 

[Angela]

Indeed a higher resolution of subclades is needed to draw conclusions.

This is specific about E-V32

and this is the distribution map

IMO clearly some herders from the Levant, like R1b-V88 also is supposed to be

Yes, I agree with that, although some people still persist in seeing the gene flow going in the other direction.

It would be clearer if we knew the frequency breakdown by ethnic/linguistic group within Eritrea. I don't know why they didn't at least make their charts public.

 

[Sile]

the subclades are not known, but TRMCA for E-V32 is 7400 year which may be the time of arrival in Africa

or only 1 single E-V32 expanded from within Africa as his forfather arrived among the herders

https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-V32/

by the way, do you know which subclades of T are in Africa? and in India?

yes, most of them......that map is over 6 years old, its does not even have madagscar

Oldest in Africa is in Egypt dated 4350BC marker is T-pages0021

T in Madagscar came in 650AD from the bay of Bengal with marker O1a2

T in Somali came via the straits of Hormuz and Oman ~ 450AD ..........noted as assyrians and babylonians

T in egypt ( as per above ) came via the northern levant , same marker T-Pages 0021) , age is 6150BC in the northern Levant ( assyrians/phoenicians )

T in Tanzania came with J1 ~400AD via yemen via Negev

T in Libya is Y22559 dated 5130Bc ...........same marker and time as Portugal

In Iraq
Y11675 is 1500AD
Y13698 is 5150BC
Y21017 is 3650BC
Y4990 is 2550BC

In Italy
CTS6507 is 2450BC
Y3782 is 2150BC
Y10641 is 3150BC
Y6671 is 5850BC
CTS54 is 850BC
Y14629 is 6750BC

Kuwait ( which paper last years states they are 100% persians )
Y13280 is 6550BC
Y132163 is 7850BC


Lemba is south africa and Remba in Zimbabwe is currently in discussion if they are jews or not ......from Bahrain/Qatar or Yemen

 

[andresasj]

Erithean is arab. Is caucasian too.