The Neolithic Transition in the Baltic Was Not Driven by Admixture with Early Europea

MarkoZ said:
Your defintion of 'EHG' seems to be getting more expansive.
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Many papers lump EHG together with Khvalynsk, because Khvalynsk was mostly EHG.

Anyway, the oldest R1a from the Steppe is in Khvalynsk. Samara EHG sample was R1b.

If we want to be pedantic:

1) Karelian "pure" EHG - 1x R1a
2) Samara "pure" EHG - 1x R1b
3) Smolensk Mesolithic* - 1x R1a
4) Latvian EHG-WHG mix - 2x R1b
5) Khvalynsk - 1x R1a and 1x R1b

Total 1) to 5): 3x R1a and 4x R1b

*No autosomal DNA was published.
 
Tomenable said:
Many papers lump EHG together with Khvalynsk, because Khvalynsk was mostly EHG.

Anyway, the oldest R1a from the Steppe is in Khvalynsk. Samara EHG sample was R1b.
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I'm talking about the Latvians. The authors explicitly state that they are much more related to WHG than to EHG. Looking at Fig. S4 it's obvious that SHG is more related to EHG. The Baltics were a WHG stronghold despite their eastern position.
 
Tomenable said:
Many papers lump EHG together with Khvalynsk, because Khvalynsk was mostly EHG.

Anyway, the oldest R1a from the Steppe is in Khvalynsk. Samara EHG sample was R1b.

If we want to be pedantic:

1) Karelian "pure" EHG - 1x R1a
2) Samara "pure" EHG - 1x R1b
3) Smolensk Mesolithic* - 1x R1a
4) Latvian EHG-WHG mix - 2x R1b
5) Khvalynsk - 1x R1a and 1x R1b

Total 1) to 5): 3x R1a and 4x R1b

*No autosomal DNA was published.
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Yeah no, these are decidedly not an 'EHG-WHG' mix. Samara and the Karelians have ancestry from a CHG source, which is found at exactly zero percent in WHG and SHG. An intermediate position on the PCA is not the same as admixture.
 
In total, there are 11 known samples of R1a and R1b which are at least 6000 years old.

The vast majority - seven - among the oldest samples of R1a and R1b are from this area:

2u0YnBn.png


Outside of this area - 1x R1b in Villabruna, 1x R1b-V88 in Spain, 2x R1a in Lokomotiv.

And that's all when it comes to R1a/b samples older than 6000 or at least 6000 years old.

So the odds are that R1b-M269/L23 and R1a-M198/M417 both originated in East Europe.
 
@Tomenable,

I added the new Latvian and Ukrainian samples to my pigmentation spreadsheet.. I combined them with Sweden because Sweden, Latvia, Ukraine were a WHG and EHG mix to some extent and had similar pigmentation alleles.
Pre-Historic Pigmentation

The Latvian HGs have a mixture of derived/ancestral alleles in rs1426654 and rs16891982. More ancestral than derived. The two Ukrainians had rs1426654 derived/derived=2, rs16891982 had derived/derived=1, derived/ancestral=1.

You shouldn't be so excited to call them white anyways, white people have ancestry from each ancient European population sampled and each population except WHG had some light skin alleles and some dark skin alleles. I really doubt any of them can be called THE white people and there's no special badge of honor in calling them THE white people.
 
mHGs U5a, U4 have a strangely high frequency in the modern East Baltic and some other NorthEast Europeans. This is definitely in part due to assimilation of Baltic forgers into Late Neolithic/Bronze age newcomers.
 
All known R1a/b samples older than 6000 years, chronologically:

1) Villabruna, ca. 14180-13780 (avg. 13980) years ago - R1b
2) Karelia, ca. 8850-8000 (avg. 8425) years ago - R1a
3) Lokomotiv, ca. 8125-6025 (avg. 7075) years ago - R1a
4) Lokomotiv, ca. 8125-6025 (avg. 7075) years ago - R1a
5) Latvia, ca. 7800-7600 (avg. 7700) years ago - R1b
6) Samara, ca. 7650-7560 (avg. 7605) years ago - R1b
7) Iberia, ca. 7180-7060 (avg. 7120) years ago - R1b-V88
8) Latvia, ca. 7250-6800 (avg. 7025) years ago - R1b
9) Khvalynsk, ca. 7200-6000 (avg. 6600) years ago - R1b
10) Khvalynsk, ca. 7200-6000 (avg. 6600) years ago - R1a
11) Smolensk, around 6000 (avg. 6000) years ago - R1a
 
Latvia_LN1 is a Corded Ware sample dated to 5,039–4,626 cal BP (so around 3000-2600 BC).

This Corded Ware sample clusters with Yamnaya Steppe samples, and has no EEF admixture:

The latest Neolithic sample in our Baltic time series, Latvia_LN1 (5,039–4,626 cal BP), which was found in a crouched burial of the type associated with the Late Neolithic Corded Ware culture [21], falls near other Late Neolithic and Bronze Age European and Steppe samples in PCA analysis (Figure 2A).
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Figure 2A:

Latvia_LN1 is autosomally identical as Steppe Early/Middle BA:

http://www.cell.com/cms/attachment/2082666371/2072883527/gr2.jpg

gr2.jpg
 
Latvian Corded Ware LN1 = EMBA Steppe transplanted straight into Latvia:

l5sKJ7v.png
 
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From "Ancestral Journeys":


  • Latvia; Zvejnieki [Burial 93; HG2]; R1b1a1a P297; reported as R1b1b, using Karafet et al. 2008 tree; Jones 2017; additional info on Y-DNA from Sergey Malyshev

  • Latvia; Zvejnieki [Burial 121; HG3]; R1b1a1a P297; reported as R1b1b, using Karafet et al. 2008 tree; Jones 2017; additional info on Y-DNA from Sergey Malyshev
 
From Anthrogenica, Ukrainian HG is now officially the oldest known "white person":

Apparently it was a woman, because no Y-DNA haplogroup is listed for this sample:

"Note that the Ukrainian HG is dated to 11143-10591 ybp so about 9193 BC-8641 BC and yet is derived for both SLC45A2 and SLC24A5 making it the oldest sample derived for both light skin mutations. "

gr1_lrg.jpg
 
Tomenable said:
Latvia_LN1 does not have any "CHG admixture". He is simply a Yamnaya-descended person.
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These statements are mutually exclusive.

The Latvian is quite a bit differentiated from the Bronze Age steppe, see Figure 4 in the supplementary. Mind you, Yamnaya affinity will pop up whereever Caucasus HGs and European HGs converge. Though this early Corded Ware woman didn't have the Siberian components found in Karelia and the Steppe, was a farmer and her European HG ancestry was rather different from those found in the Pontic steppe.

I'd think these points together are quite interesting considering the generally difficulty in connecting those two archaeological cultures.
 
MarkoZ said:
These statements are mutually exclusive.
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Not in that context.

You were discussing the possibility that CHG people spread agriculture into Latvia. But there was no any migration of 100% CHG people into Latvia. Those who migrated were Steppe people, and therefore 50/50 EHG/CHG Yamna immigrants.

Also note that Latvian HG with R1b-P297 did not have any CHG. Those were Corded Ware with R1a who had it.

Latvian HG only had some ANE admixture, but no any CHG (it has just been discussed on Anthrogenica).

=================

That particular LN1 was a woman. But more Baltic Corded Ware samples are to be published soon.

And according to what I have heard, they are all going to be autosomally similar to LN1.

And they are going to have R1a haplogroup.
 
Tomenable said:
From "Ancestral Journeys":


  • Latvia; Zvejnieki [Burial 93; HG2]; R1b1a1a P297; reported as R1b1b, using Karafet et al. 2008 tree; Jones 2017; additional info on Y-DNA from Sergey Malyshev

  • Latvia; Zvejnieki [Burial 121; HG3]; R1b1a1a P297; reported as R1b1b, using Karafet et al. 2008 tree; Jones 2017; additional info on Y-DNA from Sergey Malyshev
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Thanks for the info. Mesolithic Samara HG had pre-R1b1a1, a EBA Armenian had R1b1a1b.
 
Tomenable said:
They are identical in K19, and in K20 the Latvian sample is very similar to two of the EMBA samples:

http://i.imgur.com/DZNw4qc.png

DZNw4qc.png
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If so, do they look like paleo people?

Debetz (1936), and Alexeev and Gokhman (1987) identified a so-called CroMagnon variety among the Bronze and Iron Age skeletal materials of European Russia and southern Siberia. This variety that combined the cranial robustness with a broad face, had its roots in the local Upper Palaeolithic
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Tomenable said:
They are identical in K19
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No - my point was mainly about the minor Siberian ancestry which shows even at lower K. The component showing at K = 20 is interesting in that it indicates that we haven't fully captured the Mesolithic European landscape just yet.

in K20 the Latvian sample is very similar to two of the EMBA samples.
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Yes, I've also noticed this and it's really interesting.
 
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