What did the genetic make-up of Europe look like in the late Neolithic, before the Indo-European invasions ? If we suppose that the Indo-Europeans were the ones who brought R1a1a, R1b1b2a1a and G2a3b1a to Central and Western Europe, then subtracting these haplogroups from the modern percentages should give us a (very) rough idea of the proportion of Native Paleolithic blood (hg I) vs Near-Eastern Neolithic blood (hg E, J and T + G subclades besides G2a3b1a).
We should also consider the Germanic migrations that spread hg I1 beyond North Germany and Scandinavia. I don't think there would have been any significant level of I1 in the British Isles, France, Italy or Iberia before the early Middle Ages. Some R1b and R1a might also be Germanic, but we were going to subtract them anyway, it won't matter.
Let's also take into account that the Romans might have spread some of their Y-DNA northwards, and later invaders, like the Normans in Britain, then the English in Ireland, might also have contributed to increase such haplogroups as E1b1b and J2 to the northern reaches of Europe.
The Etruscans and the Greeks surely augmented the proportion of Near-Eastern haplogroups in Italy well after the Neolithic too.
According to my calculations, Neolithic Europe looked approximately like this :
Northern Europe
- Finland : 100% Paleolithic vs 0% Neolithic
- Scandinavia : 95% Paleolithic vs 5% Neolithic
- Netherlands and North Germany : 75% Paleolithic vs 25% Neolithic
- Britain : very hard to estimate due to the huge proportion of R1b and I1 nowadays, but probably 50% Paleolithic and 50% Neolithic.
- Ireland : too much R1b to have a clue from modern Y-DNA percentages. Pure guess: 60% Paleolithic and 40% Neolithic.
Western Europe
- Belgium and West Germany : 40% Paleolithic vs 60% Neolithic
- France and South Germany : 35% Paleolithic vs 65% Neolithic
- North-East Iberia (Basque region) : 70% Paleolithic vs 30% Neolithic
Southern Europe
- South-West Iberia : 20% Paleolithic vs 80% Neolithic
- Italy : 20% Paleolithic vs 80% Neolithic
- Sardinia : 90% Paleolithic vs 10% Neolithic
- Greece : difficult to say as a lot of I2a might have come from the Balkans between the Bronze Age and the Middle Ages, but probably 20% Paleolithic vs 80% Neolithic
Central Europe
- Poland : 65% Paleolithic vs 35% Neolithic
- Czechoslovakia and Hungary : 40% Paleolithic vs 60% Neolithic
- Austria : 30% Paleolithic vs 70% Neolithic
Balkans
- Croatia : 85% Paleolithic vs 15% Neolithic
- Bosnia-Herzegovina : 70% Paleolithic vs 30% Neolithic
- Serbia : 50% Paleolithic vs 50% Neolithic
- Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia : 35% Paleolithic vs 65% Neolithic
We should also consider the Germanic migrations that spread hg I1 beyond North Germany and Scandinavia. I don't think there would have been any significant level of I1 in the British Isles, France, Italy or Iberia before the early Middle Ages. Some R1b and R1a might also be Germanic, but we were going to subtract them anyway, it won't matter.
Let's also take into account that the Romans might have spread some of their Y-DNA northwards, and later invaders, like the Normans in Britain, then the English in Ireland, might also have contributed to increase such haplogroups as E1b1b and J2 to the northern reaches of Europe.
The Etruscans and the Greeks surely augmented the proportion of Near-Eastern haplogroups in Italy well after the Neolithic too.
According to my calculations, Neolithic Europe looked approximately like this :
Northern Europe
- Finland : 100% Paleolithic vs 0% Neolithic
- Scandinavia : 95% Paleolithic vs 5% Neolithic
- Netherlands and North Germany : 75% Paleolithic vs 25% Neolithic
- Britain : very hard to estimate due to the huge proportion of R1b and I1 nowadays, but probably 50% Paleolithic and 50% Neolithic.
- Ireland : too much R1b to have a clue from modern Y-DNA percentages. Pure guess: 60% Paleolithic and 40% Neolithic.
Western Europe
- Belgium and West Germany : 40% Paleolithic vs 60% Neolithic
- France and South Germany : 35% Paleolithic vs 65% Neolithic
- North-East Iberia (Basque region) : 70% Paleolithic vs 30% Neolithic
Southern Europe
- South-West Iberia : 20% Paleolithic vs 80% Neolithic
- Italy : 20% Paleolithic vs 80% Neolithic
- Sardinia : 90% Paleolithic vs 10% Neolithic
- Greece : difficult to say as a lot of I2a might have come from the Balkans between the Bronze Age and the Middle Ages, but probably 20% Paleolithic vs 80% Neolithic
Central Europe
- Poland : 65% Paleolithic vs 35% Neolithic
- Czechoslovakia and Hungary : 40% Paleolithic vs 60% Neolithic
- Austria : 30% Paleolithic vs 70% Neolithic
Balkans
- Croatia : 85% Paleolithic vs 15% Neolithic
- Bosnia-Herzegovina : 70% Paleolithic vs 30% Neolithic
- Serbia : 50% Paleolithic vs 50% Neolithic
- Albania, Kosovo, Macedonia : 35% Paleolithic vs 65% Neolithic
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