Dienekes just posted a new autosomal analysis from his Dodecad Project : Fine-scale admixture in Europe (Dagestan/Basque/Sardinian components)
He managed to split the West Asian component in two new components :
- West Asian (read Caucasus/Anatolia/Assyria/Persia), which peaks in Georgia and Assyria (71%), followed by Armenia (68%), Iran (66%), Turkey and the North-West Caucasus (55%).
- Dagestan (read North Caucasus), which peaks among the population sample from Urkarah in Dagestan (93%), the Lezgian speakers of southern Dagestan (48%), and the Dagestani from Stalskoe (39%), but is also well represented in the North-West Caucasian Adygei (16.5%) and the Georgians (12.5%).
The West Asian component decreases progressively with the distance from West Asia, and is virtually absent from Nordic countries as well as among the Basques. It seems to correlate well with the spread of agriculture. The frequency diminishes along the two migration routes followed by neolithic farmers. The southern one would have passed through Crete and southern Greece to reach South Italy (42% in Sicily), then up to central Italy (28% in Tuscany) then North Italy (19%), France (7%) and Germany (5%), or from Sicily, following the North African coast, reached Spain (11%) and Portugal (13%), but bypassing Sardinia (2.5% probably of later Phoenician and mainland Italian origin). The Danubian route started from Greece (36%), and would have reached first the Balkans, then Romania (24%), and Hungary (11%), while an eastern branch from Romania continued to western Ukraine and Belarus (9%).
The main breakthrough, though, is that the Dagestan component is remarkably strong is northern Europe, particularly in Germanic countries. The highest frequencies observed in Europe are found respectively among the Orcadians (12.5%), Scandinavians and White Utahns (11%), Germans (9%), French (8%) and Hungarians (7.5%). The lowest level of Dagestan admixture is found among the Basques (0.7%), Sardinians (1.5%) and Cypriots (2%).
Better still, the Dagestan admixture is found as far as South Asia (see admixture), while the West Asia one is not. This Dagestan DNA represent 19% of the genomes of the Pathans, 10.5% of the Sindhi, 7% of the Gujarati, 11% of the Tamil Brahmins, 10% of Andra Pradesh Brahmins, but is rare among Dravidian people and almost completely absent from the lower castes and tribal populations. I cannot see a better evidence that this Dagestan component in fact represents the autosomes of the Indo-Europeans.
Note that the components used for the European and South Asian admixtures are not identical, and as Dienekes warns, we shouldn't compare the percentages between the two runs. However they both represent the same ancestry from the North Caucasus, which is precisely where I hypothesised that the Indo-European migrations originated. There is also a triple correlation with Y-DNA, since haplogroups R1b1b, R1a1a and G2a3b1a are all present in the North Caucasus, Europe, Central Asia and South Asia. The North-East Caucasus is a region that has been found to harbour a particularly high frequency of each haplogroup (up to 40% of R1b1b; 92% and 100% of haplogroup G in the Dargin and Kubachi of southern Dagestan respectively, although as low as 6% of the Nogai of northern Dagestan).
I would think that this Dagestan component represents more G2a3b1a and some R1b1b, while the North European component would correlate especially (but not exclusively) with R1a1a. The Basque and Sardinian admixtures, found in high densities as far north as Scandinavia, are probably the genetic contributions of Paleolithic Europeans (haplogroup I). The admixture should probably be refined as I cannot find any useful pattern for these new Basque and Sardinian component, except that Basque is a bit more West European, and Sardinian a bit more South-East European.
He managed to split the West Asian component in two new components :
- West Asian (read Caucasus/Anatolia/Assyria/Persia), which peaks in Georgia and Assyria (71%), followed by Armenia (68%), Iran (66%), Turkey and the North-West Caucasus (55%).
- Dagestan (read North Caucasus), which peaks among the population sample from Urkarah in Dagestan (93%), the Lezgian speakers of southern Dagestan (48%), and the Dagestani from Stalskoe (39%), but is also well represented in the North-West Caucasian Adygei (16.5%) and the Georgians (12.5%).
The West Asian component decreases progressively with the distance from West Asia, and is virtually absent from Nordic countries as well as among the Basques. It seems to correlate well with the spread of agriculture. The frequency diminishes along the two migration routes followed by neolithic farmers. The southern one would have passed through Crete and southern Greece to reach South Italy (42% in Sicily), then up to central Italy (28% in Tuscany) then North Italy (19%), France (7%) and Germany (5%), or from Sicily, following the North African coast, reached Spain (11%) and Portugal (13%), but bypassing Sardinia (2.5% probably of later Phoenician and mainland Italian origin). The Danubian route started from Greece (36%), and would have reached first the Balkans, then Romania (24%), and Hungary (11%), while an eastern branch from Romania continued to western Ukraine and Belarus (9%).
The main breakthrough, though, is that the Dagestan component is remarkably strong is northern Europe, particularly in Germanic countries. The highest frequencies observed in Europe are found respectively among the Orcadians (12.5%), Scandinavians and White Utahns (11%), Germans (9%), French (8%) and Hungarians (7.5%). The lowest level of Dagestan admixture is found among the Basques (0.7%), Sardinians (1.5%) and Cypriots (2%).
Better still, the Dagestan admixture is found as far as South Asia (see admixture), while the West Asia one is not. This Dagestan DNA represent 19% of the genomes of the Pathans, 10.5% of the Sindhi, 7% of the Gujarati, 11% of the Tamil Brahmins, 10% of Andra Pradesh Brahmins, but is rare among Dravidian people and almost completely absent from the lower castes and tribal populations. I cannot see a better evidence that this Dagestan component in fact represents the autosomes of the Indo-Europeans.
Note that the components used for the European and South Asian admixtures are not identical, and as Dienekes warns, we shouldn't compare the percentages between the two runs. However they both represent the same ancestry from the North Caucasus, which is precisely where I hypothesised that the Indo-European migrations originated. There is also a triple correlation with Y-DNA, since haplogroups R1b1b, R1a1a and G2a3b1a are all present in the North Caucasus, Europe, Central Asia and South Asia. The North-East Caucasus is a region that has been found to harbour a particularly high frequency of each haplogroup (up to 40% of R1b1b; 92% and 100% of haplogroup G in the Dargin and Kubachi of southern Dagestan respectively, although as low as 6% of the Nogai of northern Dagestan).
I would think that this Dagestan component represents more G2a3b1a and some R1b1b, while the North European component would correlate especially (but not exclusively) with R1a1a. The Basque and Sardinian admixtures, found in high densities as far north as Scandinavia, are probably the genetic contributions of Paleolithic Europeans (haplogroup I). The admixture should probably be refined as I cannot find any useful pattern for these new Basque and Sardinian component, except that Basque is a bit more West European, and Sardinian a bit more South-East European.