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Insteresting image which shows the highest variance and so the place of origin of the haplogroups.
(A) R1b1a2, (B) J2, and (C) G.
By looking at that it seems that a good deal of J2 in Italy and Greece is native pre-Neolitich, considering that those 2 countries have the same variance found in the Levant.
Opinion?
Frequency for J2 in Italy and the Balkans is in the 10-20% range, while in the Caucasus Nakh people can be over 90% J2. So the map is correct.
Italy and Greece has more variance of J2 than the Levant. The only explaination is that most of J2 in Europe is pre-neolitich and spread further away during the copper age.
There is, as of yet, no indication from ancient dna that J2 was in Europe pre-Metal Ages, much less pre-Neolithic. Moesan has already explained the difficulties with relying on mere variance to pinpoint origin, not to mention that variation is also high in Anatolia, as would be expected.
Any certainty concerning it's presence in pre-Neolithic Europe is misplaced.
I wonder if they thanked Maciamo for using Ydna maps from Eupedia in their presentation? I'm not sure if I2c map was Sparkey's?Interestingly, Dienekes has once more drawn our attention to the Armenians and their ethnogenesis by posting again about the speech given recently by Peter Hrechdachian.
"Haplogroup R1b1a2-M269
The spatial distribution of the main western European Y-chromosomal lineage, haplogroup R1b1a2-M269, shows a significant frequency cline from 7% in Lebanon to 82% in Ireland [24],[47], though also present in trace amounts in the majority of the North Caucasus populations [30]. Among Armenian samples, the haplogroup is one of the most common lineages, which is frequently encountered in the eastern part of the Armenian Highland and Van (see Additional file 5).
In contrast, a decreasing cline of microsatellite variance is detected from the Levant towards northwest and northeast. Furthermore, in comparison with all analyzed populations from the Near East, Europe, and Anatolia, the haplogroup R1b1a2-M269 occurs with the highest genetic variances in the western parts of the Armenian plateau, in Sasun and Salmast (Figure 5).
A heatmap plot of F[SUB]ST[/SUB] distances within haplogroup R1b1a2 (Figure 6) reveals two large clusters with low genetic distances. The first represents a genetic homogeneity of European populations, while the second encompasses all populations of the Near East. Generally, only the population of Sasun is slightly different within the last group, likely due to the long centuries of its aforementioned isolation by geographic barriers. Moreover, in contrast to other populations of the Near Eastern cluster, the populations of the western part of the Armenian Highland, Van, Turkey, and Lebanon show a moderate level of genetic affinity to the central European populations. Indeed, the actual estimates of the F[SUB]ST[/SUB] values for haplogroup R1b1a2 place the western region of the Armenian Highland in a transitional position between the Near East and Europe (see Additional file 4, sheet 2). Previous data on the limited Y-chromosomal and autosomal sharing among the Armenian and European populations [31],[35] should be considered as a consequence of the absence, in their Armenian datasets, of the populations from the western region of the Armenian Highland.
To assess the relationship between the haplotypes, we have conducted a median-joining network analysis within the haplogroup R1b1a2-M269 for the populations of Lebanon, the western part of the Armenian Highland, Italy, and Ireland, roughly approximating the path of human Neolithic migrations (see Additional file 6). The haplotypes of western Armenian origin are widely scattered and mainly associated with haplotypes from the Near Eastern (Lebanese) population. In addition, there are four haplotypes shared between Armenians and Europeans (Ireland and Italy), which was not revealed in Herrera et al. [35]."
"Conclusions
Our observation of the Y-chromosomal structure in geographically different Armenian populations suggests that the Armenian Highland served as a transitional corridor for at least two distinct pathways of migration for Neolithic farmers from the Near East westward and northward. The movement to Europe took place predominantly via the western region of the Armenian Highland alongside the coastline of the Mediterranean Sea, which is supported by the spatial distribution pattern of the haplogroup R1b1a2-M269. The migration to the North Caucasus occurred mainly across the central and eastern regions of the Armenian Highland, which is shown by the geographical distribution of haplogroup G-M201. In addition, we identified a distinct Neolithic wave of bidirectional expansion to Europe and the North Caucasus associated with haplogroup J2-M172.
Thus, at the initial stage of the Neolithic migration from the Levant, different directions and waves of population movement could be identified in the Armenian Highland (Figure 8). This inference needs to be tested by further study of other indigenous populations of the region using higher resolution genotyping of Y-chromosome, mitochondrial, and autosomal DNA markers, as well as applying the data recovered from ancient DNA."
New academic paper provides evidence that R1b - M269 spread to Europe from Western Armenian Plateau and deny southern Caucasus as source of European R1b. Findings supports earlier statements of Myres and Busby who suggested that R1b founder effect in Western Europe is caused by migration of farmers from Near East.
Map showing migration routes:
"Does not support" don’t men "contradict". Just to be precise, there are only 5 samples tested in the northern side of Alps and Pannonian Basin, which area is most likely the motherland of most of European lineages of R1b. Three samples from Germany are circa 7000 years old (2x F and 1x G2a) and two from France are 4750 (2x I2a1). Don't you think that accuracy of these samples is too low to contradict findings of this new paper and some older that clearly states that R1b is associated with Neolithic transition in Western Europe?It's too bad that the ancient DNA evidence does not support the transition to farming with R1b after 50+ male samples. There is plenty of G-P15 in and around Armenia which would coincide with at least an initial spread of farming to Europe.
I think R1b arrived in Europe during the late Neolithic or early Copper Age, shortly before the first R1b samples show up in a Bell Beaker site in Germany, but I think there's also a good chance that there was some R1b among either the Yamnaya population or the farmers to the west of them. As I've said before, the multiple subclades of R1b suggest to me that it has a more complex history in Europe than R1a does. As for ANE, the R1b folk would be partly descended from the original source of ANE, being Y haplotype R like MA1 from Mal'ta.
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