Expansion of European patrilineages

Sile

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North Alpine Italian
Y-DNA haplogroup
T1a2 -Z19945..Jura
mtDNA haplogroup
H95a1 ..Pannoni
http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150519/ncomms8152/full/ncomms8152.html

The proportion of Europeans descending from Neolithic farmers ~10 thousand years ago (KYA) or Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers has been much debated. The male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) has been widely applied to this question, but unbiased estimates of diversity and time depth have been lacking. Here we show that European patrilineages underwent a recent continent-wide expansion. Resequencing of 3.7 Mb of MSY DNA in 334 males, comprising 17 European and Middle Eastern populations, defines a phylogeny containing 5,996 single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Haplogroups E1b-M35, G2a-L31, I2-P215, J2-M172, L-M11 and T-M70 contain long branches with deep-rooting nodes, whereas I1-M253, N1c-M178, R1a-M198 and R1b-M269 show much shallower genealogies.



Interesting paper............
 
There is some critics
Now, about how academic studies work: I was told today that this study had "Lots of new samples!" but to me it seems in fact that these are *exactly* the same samples from Hallast (2015), minus the non-Europeans and non-Levantines. The mutation rate used here is 0.92–1.09) × 10−e9 instead of 0.82 * 10e-9. Can anyone take a set of already published samples, cut out a bunch of them, paste some fuzzy pictures from the earlier paper, use a wrong mutation rate, and then publish a paper in a major academic journal? YES, apparently so. Then you can claim that you "published!" so you don't "perish" (get fired for not doing any research). Whew!

another from Maju

Well, I just made a quick calculation based on the E-M35 age estimate of 18 Ka provided in table 1. If we would have to accept those chronologies at face value, then the E/F (=DE-CF) divergence node would be just 28 Ka old. Not 60 nor 70 nor anything logical: barely 30 Ka!!!

This means that you have to multiply x4 all age "estimates", sorry. Intra-disciplinary circular thinking at its worst but very illuminating, I must say.
 
There is some critics


another from Maju

what is he calculating?

A TMRCA is the time that a marker expanded into their own subclades. once it splits again then that is a start of another TMRCA for that subclade
 
I think TMRCA calculations are far from perfect today. Especially N1c1 should be older than 3,600 or 4,700.
N1c was found in Smolensk ~ 4,500 years ago. I would not be surprised if that was N1c1 already.
 
The age estimate of r1b M269 is interesting at 5,550 years, I always thought it was older than that.
 
Supplementary Table 8. MSY-haplogroups in ancient European samples

and we have an interesting table in Supplementary information with probably all ancient European Y-Dna tested so far (98 samples):

CultureCountryYBPHgSimple hgN
Mesolithic_HGLuxembourg8'000I2a1b-L178I21
Early_NeolithicHungary7'700I2a-L460I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2a1-P37.2I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2a1a1a-L672I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2a1b-M423I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2a1b2a1-L147.2I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2c2-PF3827I25
Early_NeolithicHungary7'600H2-L281H21
Hunter_GathererRussia7'600R1b1-L278R1b11
Hunter_GathererRussia7'300R1a1-M459R1a1
Early_NeolithicSpain7'300F*-P135F*1
Early_NeolithicSpain7'300I2a1b1-L161.1I21
Early_NeolithicGermany7'200T1a-PF5604T1
Early_NeolithicGermany7'100G2a2a-PF3147G2a1
Early_NeolithicGermany7'100G2a2a-PF3185G2a1
Early_NeolithicGermany7'100G2a2a1-PF3170G2a1
Early_NeolithicHungary7'100C1a2-V20/V184C12
Early_NeolithicSpain7'100R1b1-M415R1b11
Early_NeolithicGermany7'000G2a2a1-PF3155G2a1
Early_NeolithicSpain7'000E1b1b1a1b1a-V13E1b1b1
Early_NeolithicSpain7'000G2a-P15G2a5
Early_NeolithicSpain6'900C1a2-V20C11
Early_NeolithicHungary6'400I2a-L460I21
Early_NeolithicGermany6'300F-M89F*2
Early_NeolithicGermany6'200G2a2b-S126G2a1
Middle_NeolithicGermany5'900F*-P316F*1
Middle_NeolithicSpain5'800H2/I2a1a1-L672I21
Middle_NeolithicSpain5'800I2a2a1-CTS9183I21
Middle_NeolithicGermany5'600R*?-P224R*1
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600F-M89F*3
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600G2a-P15G2a5
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600G2a2b-S126G2a4
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600I-M170I*1
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600I1-M253I11
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600I2a1-P37.2I21
Neolithic_HGSweden5'600I2a1-P37.2I21
Middle_NeolithicGermany5'200I2a1b1a-L1498I21
Middle_NeolithicItaly5'200G2a2a1b-L91G2a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a-P297R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a2a-L49.1R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a2a2-CTS1078R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a2a2-CTS1078R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a2a2-Z2105R1b1a1
Middle_NeolithicFrance5'000G2a-P15G2a20
Middle_NeolithicFrance5'000I2a1-P37.2I22
Steppe_YamnayaRussia4'900R1b1a2a2-CTS1078R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia4'800R1b1a2a2-Z2105R1b1a1
Middle_NeolithicFrance4'700I2a1I22
Late_NeolithicGermany4'600R1b-M343R1b1
Late_NeolithicGermany4'600R1b1a2-M269R1b1a1
Late_NeolithicGermany4'400R1a1a1-M417R1a1
Late_NeolithicGermany4'300R1b1a2a1a2-P312R1b1a1
Late_NeolithicGermany4'100R1a1-SRY10831.2R1a1
Early_Bronze_AgeGermany4'100I2-L68I21
Early_Bronze_AgeGermany4'100I2a2-L368I21
Early_Bronze_AgeGermany4'100I2c2-PF3827I21
Early_Bronze_AgeGermany3'100R1a1a1b1a2-S204R1a1
Late_Bronze_AgeHungary?J2a1-S57J21

And summary by Culture/Hg :

CultureTotal
Mesolithic_HG1
I21
Hunter_Gatherer11
I29
R1a1
R1b11
Early_Neolithic38
C13
E1b1b1
F*6
G2a19
H21
I*1
I11
I24
R1b11
T1
Neolithic_HG1
I21
Middle_Neolithic30
F*1
G2a21
I27
R*1
Steppe_Yamnaya7
R1b1a7
Late_Neolithic5
R1a2
R1b1
R1b1a2
Early_Bronze_Age4
I23
R1a1
Late_Bronze_Age1
J21
Grand Total98
 
http://www.nature.com/ncomms/2015/150519/ncomms8152/full/ncomms8152.html

The proportion of Europeans descending from Neolithic farmers ~10 thousand years ago (KYA) or Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers has been much debated. The male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) has been widely applied to this question, but unbiased estimates of diversity and time depth have been lacking. Here we show that European patrilineages underwent a recent continent-wide expansion. Resequencing of 3.7 Mb of MSY DNA in 334 males, comprising 17 European and Middle Eastern populations, defines a phylogeny containing 5,996 single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Haplogroups E1b-M35, G2a-L31, I2-P215, J2-M172, L-M11 and T-M70 contain long branches with deep-rooting nodes, whereas I1-M253, N1c-M178, R1a-M198 and R1b-M269 show much shallower genealogies.



Interesting paper............

Thanks Sile, very interesting.
 
and we have an interesting table in Supplementary information with probably all ancient European Y-Dna tested so far (98 samples):

CultureCountryYBPHgSimple hgN
Mesolithic_HGLuxembourg8'000I2a1b-L178I21
Early_NeolithicHungary7'700I2a-L460I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2a1-P37.2I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2a1a1a-L672I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2a1b-M423I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2a1b2a1-L147.2I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2c2-PF3827I25
Early_NeolithicHungary7'600H2-L281H21
Hunter_GathererRussia7'600R1b1-L278R1b11
Hunter_GathererRussia7'300R1a1-M459R1a1
Early_NeolithicSpain7'300F*-P135F*1
Early_NeolithicSpain7'300I2a1b1-L161.1I21
Early_NeolithicGermany7'200T1a-PF5604T1
Early_NeolithicGermany7'100G2a2a-PF3147G2a1
Early_NeolithicGermany7'100G2a2a-PF3185G2a1
Early_NeolithicGermany7'100G2a2a1-PF3170G2a1
Early_NeolithicHungary7'100C1a2-V20/V184C12
Early_NeolithicSpain7'100R1b1-M415R1b11
Early_NeolithicGermany7'000G2a2a1-PF3155G2a1
Early_NeolithicSpain7'000E1b1b1a1b1a-V13E1b1b1
Early_NeolithicSpain7'000G2a-P15G2a5
Early_NeolithicSpain6'900C1a2-V20C11
Early_NeolithicHungary6'400I2a-L460I21
Early_NeolithicGermany6'300F-M89F*2
Early_NeolithicGermany6'200G2a2b-S126G2a1
Middle_NeolithicGermany5'900F*-P316F*1
Middle_NeolithicSpain5'800H2/I2a1a1-L672I21
Middle_NeolithicSpain5'800I2a2a1-CTS9183I21
Middle_NeolithicGermany5'600R*?-P224R*1
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600F-M89F*3
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600G2a-P15G2a5
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600G2a2b-S126G2a4
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600I-M170I*1
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600I1-M253I11
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600I2a1-P37.2I21
Neolithic_HGSweden5'600I2a1-P37.2I21
Middle_NeolithicGermany5'200I2a1b1a-L1498I21
Middle_NeolithicItaly5'200G2a2a1b-L91G2a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a-P297R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a2a-L49.1R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a2a2-CTS1078R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a2a2-CTS1078R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a2a2-Z2105R1b1a1
Middle_NeolithicFrance5'000G2a-P15G2a20
Middle_NeolithicFrance5'000I2a1-P37.2I22
Steppe_YamnayaRussia4'900R1b1a2a2-CTS1078R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia4'800R1b1a2a2-Z2105R1b1a1
Middle_NeolithicFrance4'700I2a1I22
Late_NeolithicGermany4'600R1b-M343R1b1
Late_NeolithicGermany4'600R1b1a2-M269R1b1a1
Late_NeolithicGermany4'400R1a1a1-M417R1a1
Late_NeolithicGermany4'300R1b1a2a1a2-P312R1b1a1
Late_NeolithicGermany4'100R1a1-SRY10831.2R1a1
Early_Bronze_AgeGermany4'100I2-L68I21
Early_Bronze_AgeGermany4'100I2a2-L368I21
Early_Bronze_AgeGermany4'100I2c2-PF3827I21
Early_Bronze_AgeGermany3'100R1a1a1b1a2-S204R1a1
Late_Bronze_AgeHungary?J2a1-S57J21

where did they get the info re the sublcades of the Swedish Huntergatherers 7700 YBP ?
who tested for subclades ?
it is the first time I see these subclades assigned and I'm not sure it is correct
 
where did they get the info re the sublcades of the Swedish Huntergatherers 7700 YBP ?
who tested for subclades ?
it is the first time I see these subclades assigned and I'm not sure it is correct

testing of ancients always continues ...............sometimes for years...................the LBK_EN ones where found in 2012 , yet their ydna was discovered in late 2014
 
and we have an interesting table in Supplementary information with probably all ancient European Y-Dna tested so far (98 samples):

CultureCountryYBPHgSimple hgN
Mesolithic_HGLuxembourg8'000I2a1b-L178I21
Early_NeolithicHungary7'700I2a-L460I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2a1-P37.2I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2a1a1a-L672I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2a1b-M423I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2a1b2a1-L147.2I21
Hunter_GathererSweden7'700I2c2-PF3827I25
Early_NeolithicHungary7'600H2-L281H21
Hunter_GathererRussia7'600R1b1-L278R1b11
Hunter_GathererRussia7'300R1a1-M459R1a1
Early_NeolithicSpain7'300F*-P135F*1
Early_NeolithicSpain7'300I2a1b1-L161.1I21
Early_NeolithicGermany7'200T1a-PF5604T1
Early_NeolithicGermany7'100G2a2a-PF3147G2a1
Early_NeolithicGermany7'100G2a2a-PF3185G2a1
Early_NeolithicGermany7'100G2a2a1-PF3170G2a1
Early_NeolithicHungary7'100C1a2-V20/V184C12
Early_NeolithicSpain7'100R1b1-M415R1b11
Early_NeolithicGermany7'000G2a2a1-PF3155G2a1
Early_NeolithicSpain7'000E1b1b1a1b1a-V13E1b1b1
Early_NeolithicSpain7'000G2a-P15G2a5
Early_NeolithicSpain6'900C1a2-V20C11
Early_NeolithicHungary6'400I2a-L460I21
Early_NeolithicGermany6'300F-M89F*2
Early_NeolithicGermany6'200G2a2b-S126G2a1
Middle_NeolithicGermany5'900F*-P316F*1
Middle_NeolithicSpain5'800H2/I2a1a1-L672I21
Middle_NeolithicSpain5'800I2a2a1-CTS9183I21
Middle_NeolithicGermany5'600R*?-P224R*1
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600F-M89F*3
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600G2a-P15G2a5
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600G2a2b-S126G2a4
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600I-M170I*1
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600I1-M253I11
Early_NeolithicHungary5'600I2a1-P37.2I21
Neolithic_HGSweden5'600I2a1-P37.2I21
Middle_NeolithicGermany5'200I2a1b1a-L1498I21
Middle_NeolithicItaly5'200G2a2a1b-L91G2a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a-P297R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a2a-L49.1R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a2a2-CTS1078R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a2a2-CTS1078R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia5'100R1b1a2a2-Z2105R1b1a1
Middle_NeolithicFrance5'000G2a-P15G2a20
Middle_NeolithicFrance5'000I2a1-P37.2I22
Steppe_YamnayaRussia4'900R1b1a2a2-CTS1078R1b1a1
Steppe_YamnayaRussia4'800R1b1a2a2-Z2105R1b1a1
Middle_NeolithicFrance4'700I2a1I22
Late_NeolithicGermany4'600R1b-M343R1b1
Late_NeolithicGermany4'600R1b1a2-M269R1b1a1
Late_NeolithicGermany4'400R1a1a1-M417R1a1
Late_NeolithicGermany4'300R1b1a2a1a2-P312R1b1a1
Late_NeolithicGermany4'100R1a1-SRY10831.2R1a1
Early_Bronze_AgeGermany4'100I2-L68I21
Early_Bronze_AgeGermany4'100I2a2-L368I21
Early_Bronze_AgeGermany4'100I2c2-PF3827I21
Early_Bronze_AgeGermany3'100R1a1a1b1a2-S204R1a1
Late_Bronze_AgeHungary?J2a1-S57J21

And summary by Culture/Hg :

CultureTotal
Mesolithic_HG1
I21
Hunter_Gatherer11
I29
R1a1
R1b11
Early_Neolithic38
C13
E1b1b1
F*6
G2a19
H21
I*1
I11
I24
R1b11
T1
Neolithic_HG1
I21
Middle_Neolithic30
F*1
G2a21
I27
R*1
Steppe_Yamnaya7
R1b1a7
Late_Neolithic5
R1a2
R1b1
R1b1a2
Early_Bronze_Age4
I23
R1a1
Late_Bronze_Age1
J21
Grand Total98

my surprise, is still not many found in Italy
 
testing of ancients always continues ...............sometimes for years...................the LBK_EN ones where found in 2012 , yet their ydna was discovered in late 2014

I understand that, but that does not mean these data are correct.
I'd like to know who made these subclade assignments and how much coverage of the DNA they got. A single reading is not reliable if it is not confirmed by more readings.
 
I have recently made two maps of ancient Y-DNA from Europe.

First represents the Mesolithic-Neolithic period in Europe, second represents the Chalcolithic-Iron Age period in Central Europe only.

1. The distribution of Y-DNA haplogroups in Europe in period ca. 6000 BC - ca. 3000 BC, with a few exceptions after 3000 BC:


The exceptions (after 3000 BC) include e.g. two samples from Poland - they are dated at approximately 2800 BC and belong to Corded Ware culture, but I decided to include them because probably they represent assimilated Neolithic population in that new Corded culture.

Also in Russia near the border with Belarus (in Smolensk oblast and Pskov oblast) only one sample of R1a is dated at 4000 BC, while the other 3 samples (two R1a and one N1c) are dated at 2500 BC - these 3 belong to "Zhizhitskaya culture" (I have no idea what it was).

Each circle in the map represents one sample, but note that locations are not accurate (for example most of G2 samples from southern France are from just one cemetery - they were found in the Treilles cave in Saint-Jean-et-Saint-Paul commune of Aveyron department):

I1 oraz I = I1 and I (one of these 2 samples is I1 from Hungary dated at ca. 7500 years ago, the other one is only given as I):

Y_DNA_8_do_5_kya.png


=================================

Second map:

2. Y-DNA hg-s in Central Europe in period ca. 2800 BC - ca. 700 BC (11 out of 12 samples of I2a are from one cemetery - a cave near Dorste):

Legend (in English):

KCS = Corded Ware cultural horizon
KPP = Urnfield cultural horizon
BB = Bell Beaker cultural horizon
KŁ = Lusatian culture
KH = Hallstatt culture
KU = Unetice culture
Kyjatice culture
Mezocsat culture

I2 klad niepodany = I2 subclade not given (these are Unetice culture samples from Eulau)
J albo I = J or I (one of two CWC samples from Jagodno from ca. 2800 BC)

Such text = places of burials

In this map I included also the same two samples from Poland (dated at ca. 2800 BC) as in the first map:

Copper_to_Iron.png


The map shows burials from period ca. 2800 BC (Jagodno) to ca. 700 BC (Mitterkirchen).
 
What can be seen is a strong correlation between Bell Beakers (BB) and R1b, as well as between Corded Wares (KCS) and R1a.

By contrast Urnfield cultures are mixed, with R1a in the east and R1b in the west.

Bell Beaker cultures are thought to have originated in Iberia - so I wonder what is the source of R1b in those cultures:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaker_culture#Origins

There have been numerous proposals by archaeologists as to the origins of the Bell Beaker culture, and debates continued on for decades. Several regions of origin have been postulated, notably the Iberian peninsula, the Netherlands and Central Europe.

Because we have Neolithic R1b from Els Trocs cave in northern Spain, but we also have R1b from Samara Oblast in Russia.

Could it be that eastern R1b first made its way to Iberia, and then expanded from Iberia with Bell Beakers ???

Or perhaps those cultures originated in the Netherlands or in Central Europe, and not in Iberia ???
 

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