arvistro
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There are discussions whether Corded Ware was genetically Indo-European or just Indo-Europeanised culture. So, what is similar and what is different in Corded Ware and Yamna?
Here a text by Russian archeologyst Klein who participated in Yamna excavations, google translate:
"...Origin of Corded Ware - does it come from Central Europe or Yamna? According to article (Allentoft et al, my remark) Bronze Age culture populations arrived from the Steppe, from Yamna population. It deals more with the Corded Ware culture (Central, Northern and Eastern Europe), to a lesser extent - Beaker culture (Western Europe). Meanwhile, I, of course, can not keep track of the genetic relationships between groups, but I can judge about the cultural features that are characteristic for these populations. So, between the cultures of the Corded Ware culture and the Yamna -there is a very big difference.
The whole structure of the Corded Ware ceramics is built on the model (etalon), that is alien to early Yamna culture and similar to Central European culture Funnelbeaker that existed in the north of Central Europe in neighborhood to Yamna: the main forms of vessels - an amphora and a cup is present both in Corded Ware and Funnelbeaker. Culture Funnelbeaker is also similar to the Corded Ware culture by the presence of a rope ornamentation and armament - stone battle axes, hammers. In Yamna culture there were different ceramics and weaponry.
However, similar to the Yamna Corded Ware culture had kurgan burials, while the Funnelbeaker culture megalithic structures..."
Ok, that was old school opinion. What can be seen from genetics so far?
1) Corded Ware is ruled by R1a clans; Yamna by R1b
2) Corded Ware has more farmer derived and more WHG derived ancestry than Yamna. Yamna has more EHG. But Corded also has EHG, which Neolithic cultures in Europe lacked.
3) Haak et al pictured Corded Ware as 75%+ Yamna or Yamna like ancestry + extra portion of EEF/ENF and small extra portion of WHG. Also Haak's paper makes few other statements: Corded was in between Middle Neolithic Europe and Yamna. WHG ancestry revived in Middle Neolithic before Yamna.
So, what is the relation between Yamna and Corded? How much of those 70% ancestry is Yamna and how much "Yamna like"?
Here a text by Russian archeologyst Klein who participated in Yamna excavations, google translate:
"...Origin of Corded Ware - does it come from Central Europe or Yamna? According to article (Allentoft et al, my remark) Bronze Age culture populations arrived from the Steppe, from Yamna population. It deals more with the Corded Ware culture (Central, Northern and Eastern Europe), to a lesser extent - Beaker culture (Western Europe). Meanwhile, I, of course, can not keep track of the genetic relationships between groups, but I can judge about the cultural features that are characteristic for these populations. So, between the cultures of the Corded Ware culture and the Yamna -there is a very big difference.
The whole structure of the Corded Ware ceramics is built on the model (etalon), that is alien to early Yamna culture and similar to Central European culture Funnelbeaker that existed in the north of Central Europe in neighborhood to Yamna: the main forms of vessels - an amphora and a cup is present both in Corded Ware and Funnelbeaker. Culture Funnelbeaker is also similar to the Corded Ware culture by the presence of a rope ornamentation and armament - stone battle axes, hammers. In Yamna culture there were different ceramics and weaponry.
However, similar to the Yamna Corded Ware culture had kurgan burials, while the Funnelbeaker culture megalithic structures..."
Ok, that was old school opinion. What can be seen from genetics so far?
1) Corded Ware is ruled by R1a clans; Yamna by R1b
2) Corded Ware has more farmer derived and more WHG derived ancestry than Yamna. Yamna has more EHG. But Corded also has EHG, which Neolithic cultures in Europe lacked.
3) Haak et al pictured Corded Ware as 75%+ Yamna or Yamna like ancestry + extra portion of EEF/ENF and small extra portion of WHG. Also Haak's paper makes few other statements: Corded was in between Middle Neolithic Europe and Yamna. WHG ancestry revived in Middle Neolithic before Yamna.
So, what is the relation between Yamna and Corded? How much of those 70% ancestry is Yamna and how much "Yamna like"?