Kostenki 14 - how interprete allover spred genes in ancient DNA - simplisticism?

MOESAN

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Abstract found in a '(well known?) scientific vulgarization revue
What do you think of this way to interprete shared genes between ancient and new populations???




Modern Europeans have genetic ties that bind them together much further back in time than once thought, scientists report after analyzing a prehistoric Russian man's DNA.
Scraps of DNA harvested from a tiny fragment of the man's 37,000-year-old leg bone show that, genetically speaking, he was remarkably similar to people living in Europe today.
The man's genes include signature traces of DNA long thought to have been part of separate movements into Europe, says Eske Willerslev, a geneticist at the University of Copenhagen and co-author of a study published Thursdayin the journal Science.
The findings suggests that Europe's past wasn't marked by waves of migration when people met, clashed, and mingled; rather, people arrived in a single event or as a continuous flow over millennia.
The leg bone belongs to a hunter-gatherer found at a Russian site called Kostenki, not far from the city of Voronezh. Excavated in 1954, the Kostenki bone is one of the oldest specimens of a modern human found in Europe.
"One of the surprising things is that if you go 37,000 years back in time, you find all the major genetic components that are present in modern Europeans," Willerslev says. (Related: "Modern Europe's Genetic History Starts in Stone Age.

Tale of Migrations
Archaeologists and geneticists have long debated who the ancestors of modern Europeans are—and how, and when, they arrived. It's typically been a tale of migration and invasion, of people moving into Europe in waves that left distinct genetic signatures behind.
First, the thinking goes, there were groups of hunter-gatherers, moving from Africa into Europe beginning about 40,000 years ago. Much later, a separate group of farmers and herders from the Middle East made their way north, eventually out-competing the hunter-gatherer locals and forming the basis for the European genome we see today.
The introduction of agriculture by this second wave of people—the so-called Neolithic Revolution—was such a pivotal moment in prehistory that it can be seen in both artifacts and genes.
The new results add a surprising wrinkle.
What other geneticists have identified as separate hunter-gatherer and farmer genes are all present in the Kostenki find. "You wouldn't predict if you go back to one of our earliest individuals, all the components of modern Europeans were already there," Willerslev says. (Related: "Discovery of Oldest DNA Scrambles Human Origins Picture.")
Genes once thought to have arrived with the first farmers, for instance, now seem to have been around much earlier. "Until now, it seemed clear this was something that came into Europe during the Neolithic," says Pontus Skoglund, a geneticist at Harvard Medical School. "It's an extremely interesting suggestion that they have."
The complex mixture of DNA in such an old specimen, Willerslev says, suggests that Stone Age Europe was a lively place. Instead of separate groups colliding and occasionally mingling, Willerslev argues there was a single, genetically similar population sprawling across the continent, from Russia to the Middle East to northern Europe. (Related: "Blue-Eyed Hunter-Gatherers Roamed Prehistoric Europe, Gene Map Reveals.")
"Rather than separate populations moving into each others' areas and having sex with each other," he says, "there was a single 'meta-population' having sex—or exchanging genes—in a complex and heterogeneous way." (Related: "45,000-Year-Old Bone Pinpoints Era of Human-Neanderthal Sex.")
Out of Africa
While the results challenge our understanding of Europe's past, they seem to confirm what geneticists have said more broadly about human migration out of Africa.
Looking at the genes of modern people around the world, researchers see three major movements out of Africa: first a group that wound up in what is now Australia and the Pacific Islands, then a population that settled in East Asia, and finally western Eurasians, or Europeans.
And indeed, the Kostenki man's DNA shows that he was unrelated to East Asians or Australo-Melanesians, suggesting that the populations diverged more than 37,000 years ago.
The new find complicates a picture of Europe's deep past that geneticists thought was becoming clearer. "We all thought you could sequence these bones and come up with a simple story. This paper really shows things are not as simple as people thought they were," Willerslev says. "Europe has always been a melting pot."
 
Kostenki was a special place where the left bank of the river Don carves into a limestone rock with many springs where game came to drink. It was ideal for hunting.
There are many Kostenki sites - 14 is one of them - each with a different tribe with different tools and hunting methods.
There were 2 arrivals : 1st +/- 42 ka, origin unknown and 2nd +/- 39 ka Aurignacian C1a2 coming from the west ; this move of the Aurignacians caused European Neanderthals to go extinct

Apart from Aurignacian in Europe also Levantine and Zagros Aurignacian spread over SW Asia. IMO all C1a2.
C1a2 allmost got extinct in both Europe and SW Asia, but it may have survived in autosomal DNA (and mtDNA).

Furthermore there was no out of Africa but an out of Arabia.
Some 110 ka people moved into southern Arabia - IMO BT.
There BT split into B, C, D, E, F with backmigration of B and E into Africa - the area of the Taramsa site between the Nile and Red Sea, southern Egypt
 
Kostenki was a special place where the left bank of the river Don carves into a limestone rock with many springs where game came to drink. It was ideal for hunting.
There are many Kostenki sites - 14 is one of them - each with a different tribe with different tools and hunting methods.
There were 2 arrivals : 1st +/- 42 ka, origin unknown and 2nd +/- 39 ka Aurignacian C1a2 coming from the west ; this move of the Aurignacians caused European Neanderthals to go extinct

Apart from Aurignacian in Europe also Levantine and Zagros Aurignacian spread over SW Asia. IMO all C1a2.
C1a2 allmost got extinct in both Europe and SW Asia, but it may have survived in autosomal DNA (and mtDNA).

Furthermore there was no out of Africa but an out of Arabia.
Some 110 ka people moved into southern Arabia - IMO BT.
There BT split into B, C, D, E, F with backmigration of B and E into Africa - the area of the Taramsa site between the Nile and Red Sea, southern Egypt

Vey interesting: are they undebatted facts or only someone's theory? the part concerning out of Africa is surely debatted, no? Here I 'don't take any position, only a question...Apparently you don't support some affirmations of the above text.

my question was, apart from historical affirmations which be could contradicted, how do they analyse DNA sharings between old and recent populations: every DNA we have from ancient remnants show a larger covering of the global Humanity, what is not surprising because I think that for a while human beings got separated for the most - more by relief/climate than by distance -
mutations occurred, not the same in every population, and the spreading of groups going along with time gave way to isolations before new meetings and crossings with far cousins. Mutations (lost of old forms) + Crossings = modern populations. What they analyse as crossings among ancient populations could be only old panel of genes before mutations and crossings. is it an hazard if some analysis found 'archaic african' or 'east african' or 'oceanian' componants in ancient DNA of people geographically far from the supposed providing areas??? We can say: it's noises! Are we sure, when we have more than 3 or 5% they are noises?
just a question
 

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