The South Asian Origin of the Roma

Angela

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[h=3]Refining the South Asian origin of the Roma people.[/h] Authors:
B. Melegh1,2 ; Zs. Banfai1,2 ; M. Kayser3 ; B. Melegh1,2



Institutes
1) Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; 2) Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; 3) Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus University, Netherlands.


"Abstract:
Purpose: Historical and linguistic studies have suggested that Roma people, living mainly in Europe, migrated into the continent from South Asia about 1000-1500 years ago. Genetic studies, based on the examination of Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA data, confirmed these findings. Recent genetic studies based on genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data further investigated the history of Roma and, among many other findings, suggested that the source of South Asian ancestry in Roma originates mainly form the Northwest region of India.Methods: In this study, using also genome-wide SNP data, we attempted to refine these findings using significantly larger amount of European Roma samples. We also had the opportunity to use more data of distinct Indian ethnic groups, which provided us a higher resolution of the Indian population. The study uses several ancestry estimation methods based on the algorithmic method principal component analysis and model-based methods that apply Bayesian approach and uses Markov chain Monte Carlo or maximum likelihood estimation.Results: According to our analyses, Roma showed significant common ancestry with Indian ethnic groups of Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttarakhand states, e.g. with Kashmiri Pandit, Punjabi, Meghawal, Gujarati and Tharu. However, we found strong common ancestry with Pashtun and Sindhi, ethnic groups living in Pakistan. Populations of Northeast India have also strong common ancestry with Roma. These ethnic groups are Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaish.Conclusion: We can conclude, that Northwest India plays an important role in the South Asian ancestry of Roma, but they have similarly strong ancestry with some Pakistani ethnic groups and we can find populations in the east region of North India, which also could function as a source of Indian ancestry of Roma. However, ethnic groups of the southern region of India do not show strong relationship with Roma people, living in Europe."
 
Refining the South Asian origin of the Roma people.

Authors:
B. Melegh1,2 ; Zs. Banfai1,2 ; M. Kayser3 ; B. Melegh1,2



Institutes
1) Medical Genetics, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; 2) Szentagothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary; 3) Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus University, Netherlands.


"Abstract:
Purpose: Historical and linguistic studies have suggested that Roma people, living mainly in Europe, migrated into the continent from South Asia about 1000-1500 years ago. Genetic studies, based on the examination of Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA data, confirmed these findings. Recent genetic studies based on genome-wide Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) data further investigated the history of Roma and, among many other findings, suggested that the source of South Asian ancestry in Roma originates mainly form the Northwest region of India.Methods: In this study, using also genome-wide SNP data, we attempted to refine these findings using significantly larger amount of European Roma samples. We also had the opportunity to use more data of distinct Indian ethnic groups, which provided us a higher resolution of the Indian population. The study uses several ancestry estimation methods based on the algorithmic method principal component analysis and model-based methods that apply Bayesian approach and uses Markov chain Monte Carlo or maximum likelihood estimation.Results: According to our analyses, Roma showed significant common ancestry with Indian ethnic groups of Jammu and Kashmir, Punjab, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Uttarakhand states, e.g. with Kashmiri Pandit, Punjabi, Meghawal, Gujarati and Tharu. However, we found strong common ancestry with Pashtun and Sindhi, ethnic groups living in Pakistan. Populations of Northeast India have also strong common ancestry with Roma. These ethnic groups are Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaish.Conclusion: We can conclude, that Northwest India plays an important role in the South Asian ancestry of Roma, but they have similarly strong ancestry with some Pakistani ethnic groups and we can find populations in the east region of North India, which also could function as a source of Indian ancestry of Roma. However, ethnic groups of the southern region of India do not show strong relationship with Roma people, living in Europe."

I thought it was established that R ( ydna ) ( karafet paper 2014 ) formed in south-east asia ( Malaysia area ) and that R1 and R2 ( Roma ) formed in Northern India .
to continue R1a and R1b split in BMAC lands
 

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