bicicleur 2
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Afroasiatic is considered the oldest known language group. Estimates go up to 18 ka.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages
ca 24.1 ka E1b1b1-M35/M243 split into E1b1b1a and Eb1b1b
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-M35/
E1b1b1b has been identified among Natufians, and later among Levantine PPNB
Eb1b1a has been identified in Levantine PPNB and in Catalunia Cardial
So, we can assume that E1b1b1 arrived in the Levant at the onset of LGM.
The PPNB/C Levant neolithic spread to Africa, probably starting right after the 8.2 ka climatic event.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B
Work at the site of 'Ain Ghazal in Jordan has indicated a later Pre-Pottery Neolithic C period which existed between 8,200 and 7,900 BP. Juris Zarins has proposed that a Circum Arabian Nomadic Pastoral Complex developed in the period from the climatic crisis of 6200 BCE, partly as a result of an increasing emphasis in PPNB cultures upon animal domesticates, and a fusion with Harifian hunter gatherers in Southern Palestine, with affiliate connections with the cultures of Fayyum and the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Cultures practicing this lifestyle spread down the Red Sea shoreline and moved east from Syria into southern Iraq.[12]
The spread of some subclades of E1b1b1 is very clear :
E-M81
E-V32, a subclade of E1b1b1a-V68
We can assume that R1b-V88 adopted Afroasiatic (Chadic) when it arrived in the Levant and from there spread to Africa.
these are the Afroasiatic languages spoken 1000 - 2000 years ago :
Berber is asociated with E-M81, Kushite with E-V32 and Chadic with R1b-V88.
Arabic spread later, ca 4 ka. It was spread by J1-P58, a tribe that adopted their language in the Levant and started to spread into Arabia 5 ka.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afroasiatic_languages
ca 24.1 ka E1b1b1-M35/M243 split into E1b1b1a and Eb1b1b
https://www.yfull.com/tree/E-M35/
E1b1b1b has been identified among Natufians, and later among Levantine PPNB
Natufian | Israel | Raqefet Cave, Mount Carmel [I1072 / Nat 9] | M | 11840-9760 BCE | E1b1b1b2 Z830 (xE1b1b1b2a, E1b1b1b2b) | CTS8182+, CTS11781+ (E1b1b1b2), (CTS1652-, CTS11051-, CTS11574-) | N1b ? | Lazaridis 2016 |
Natufian | Israel | Raqefet Cave, Mount Carmel [I0861 / Nat 10] | M | 11840-9760 BCE | E1b1b1b2 Z830 (xE1b1b1b2a, E1b1b1b2b) | L336+ (E1b1b), M5108+, CTS3637+, CTS7154+, PF1755+, L796+ (E1b1b1), CTS11781+ (E1b1b1b2), (L857-, Z865-) | Lazaridis 2016 |
Eb1b1a has been identified in Levantine PPNB and in Catalunia Cardial
PPNB | Jordan | Ain Ghazal [I1710 / AG 83_6] | M | 7733-7526 calBCE (8580±60 BP) | E1b1b1 (xE1b1b1b1a1, E1b1b1a1b1, E1b1b1a1b2, E1b1b1b2a1c) | M5041+ (CTS5819-, L618-, CTS5479-, V23-) | T1a2 | Lazaridis 2016 | I1710 Levant PPNB E1b1b1a1-CTS675 calls |
Epicardial | Spain | Avellaner cave, Catalonia [Ave 07] | M | 5000 BC | E1b1b1a1b1a | M35.1, V13, Ei in STR table | U5 | Lacan 2011b |
So, we can assume that E1b1b1 arrived in the Levant at the onset of LGM.
The PPNB/C Levant neolithic spread to Africa, probably starting right after the 8.2 ka climatic event.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Pottery_Neolithic_B
Work at the site of 'Ain Ghazal in Jordan has indicated a later Pre-Pottery Neolithic C period which existed between 8,200 and 7,900 BP. Juris Zarins has proposed that a Circum Arabian Nomadic Pastoral Complex developed in the period from the climatic crisis of 6200 BCE, partly as a result of an increasing emphasis in PPNB cultures upon animal domesticates, and a fusion with Harifian hunter gatherers in Southern Palestine, with affiliate connections with the cultures of Fayyum and the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Cultures practicing this lifestyle spread down the Red Sea shoreline and moved east from Syria into southern Iraq.[12]
The spread of some subclades of E1b1b1 is very clear :
E-M81
E-V32, a subclade of E1b1b1a-V68
We can assume that R1b-V88 adopted Afroasiatic (Chadic) when it arrived in the Levant and from there spread to Africa.
these are the Afroasiatic languages spoken 1000 - 2000 years ago :
Berber is asociated with E-M81, Kushite with E-V32 and Chadic with R1b-V88.
Arabic spread later, ca 4 ka. It was spread by J1-P58, a tribe that adopted their language in the Levant and started to spread into Arabia 5 ka.