Globular_Amphora mtDNA you didn't notice

Fire Haired14

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Y-DNA haplogroup
R1b DF27*
mtDNA haplogroup
U5b2a2b1
Wilde 2014 was the first study to sample DNA from the "Steppe." They retried mtDNA and selected SNPs from Yamnaya, Catacomb, Poltavka, and Eneolithic Steppe individuals.

Several months ago I noticed a few of what I thought were Catacomb samples belonged to typical Neolithic farmer haplogroups. Today I reread Wilde 2014 to see if these samples are really from Catacomb. I learned they're Globular Amphora farmers.

This adds a mere three mtDNA samples to the Globular Amphora database. Below are all of the published Globular Amphora mtDNA samples...

H
3100-2900 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2440. H1b
4700-4500 BP, ----------, East Poland. CZU1. H1b2
3100-2900 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. 12435. H28
3100-2900 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2433. H28
3095-2915 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I207. H28a
2870-2575 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2403. U5b2b1
3400-2800 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2434. U5b1d1
3400-2800 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2441. K1b1a1
4700-4500 BP, -----------, East Poland. CZU2. K1a
2890-2694 BC, Ilyatka, West Ukraine. ILK002. T2b
2900-2709 BC, Ilyatka, West Ukraine. ILK003. J1c
2899-2706 BC, Ilyatka, West Ukraine. ILK001. J1c3
4700-4500 BP, ---------, East Germany. ZAU2. J1c
3335-3020 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2405. W5
 
The two H1b results really interest me. Here are the only other examples of H1b in ancient DNA. All Eastern Europe...

Trypillian Culture, 3600-2900 BC, West Ukraine, I197, H1b1
Bronze age Mongolia, 1358 BC, Mongolia, H1b
Bronze age Latvia, 800 BC, Latvia, H1b1
Bronze age Latvia, 790-535 BC, Latvia, H1b2

Here are H1b frequencies in Europe.

Western Europe
Britain 0.6%
Ireland 0.3%
NW France 2.4%
SW France 0%
Spain(3000 samples) 0.6%
N-C Italy 2.3%
Munich Germany 2.5%
Austria 1.9%
Sweden 1.2%
Denmark 0.8%

Eastern Europe
Baltic States 5.2%
Russia 2.5%
BeloRussia 1.9%
Poland 3%
West Ukraine(only 100 samples) 1.3%
Slovakia(only 100 samples) 3.5%
Bosnia(only 100 samples) 2.8%
Bulgaria 1.1%
Romania 1.1%
Greece 0.7%
 
H1b's distribution in Western Europe resembles that of G2a-L497 and R1b-U152, who both represent Italo-Celtic ancestry. G2a-L497 was also found in Trypillian, so there is a good chance that the H1b in Western Europe was also assimilated by invading R1b-U152 tribes on their way to central Europe.

The Indo-European connection is quite strong and in fact practically undeniable when one sees H1b in Bronze Age Mongolia. However not all H1b in Indo-European, just like not all G2a-L497 was assimilated by PIE. With Y-DNA one can tell from the deep clade whether it is pre-IE or IE. But mtDNA lacks that kind of resolution, so it's not possible to tell.
 
Wilde 2014 was the first study to sample DNA from the "Steppe." They retried mtDNA and selected SNPs from Yamnaya, Catacomb, Poltavka, and Eneolithic Steppe individuals.

Several months ago I noticed a few of what I thought were Catacomb samples belonged to typical Neolithic farmer haplogroups. Today I reread Wilde 2014 to see if these samples are really from Catacomb. I learned they're Globular Amphora farmers.

This adds a mere three mtDNA samples to the Globular Amphora database. Below are all of the published Globular Amphora mtDNA samples...

H
3100-2900 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2440. H1b
4700-4500 BP, ----------, East Poland. CZU1. H1b2
3100-2900 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. 12435. H28
3100-2900 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2433. H28
3095-2915 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I207. H28a
2870-2575 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2403. U5b2b1
3400-2800 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2434. U5b1d1
3400-2800 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2441. K1b1a1
4700-4500 BP, -----------, East Poland. CZU2. K1a
2890-2694 BC, Ilyatka, West Ukraine. ILK002. T2b
2900-2709 BC, Ilyatka, West Ukraine. ILK003. J1c
2899-2706 BC, Ilyatka, West Ukraine. ILK001. J1c3
4700-4500 BP, ---------, East Germany. ZAU2. J1c
3335-3020 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2405. W5

the H samples you have are far younger than the H from

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2656

In our updated data set from Mittelelbe-Saale, hg H appears to have been established by the LBK period and increased in frequency after 4000 BC (Supplementary Fig. S3). Interestingly, MNE/LNE cultures with cultural associations to the North and Northeast, such as the Bernburg and CWCs, show reduced hg H frequencies and hg H only moved northwards into southern Scandinavia during the Neolithisation of Northern Europe around the Middle Neolithic,

So H was in germany in the early neolithic ( LBK had nearly 20% ) does this indicate that the path of H was from west to east for Poland?
 
does this indicate that the path of H was from west to east for Poland?


Globular_Amphora's H1b descends from some group of early farmers who may or may not have been from west of Poland.
 

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