Globular_Amphora mtDNA you didn't notice

[Fire Haired14]

Wilde 2014 was the first study to sample DNA from the "Steppe." They retried mtDNA and selected SNPs from Yamnaya, Catacomb, Poltavka, and Eneolithic Steppe individuals.

Several months ago I noticed a few of what I thought were Catacomb samples belonged to typical Neolithic farmer haplogroups. Today I reread Wilde 2014 to see if these samples are really from Catacomb. I learned they're Globular Amphora farmers.

This adds a mere three mtDNA samples to the Globular Amphora database. Below are all of the published Globular Amphora mtDNA samples...

H
3100-2900 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2440. H1b
4700-4500 BP, ----------, East Poland. CZU1. H1b2
3100-2900 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. 12435. H28
3100-2900 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2433. H28
3095-2915 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I207. H28a
2870-2575 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2403. U5b2b1
3400-2800 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2434. U5b1d1
3400-2800 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2441. K1b1a1
4700-4500 BP, -----------, East Poland. CZU2. K1a
2890-2694 BC, Ilyatka, West Ukraine. ILK002. T2b
2900-2709 BC, Ilyatka, West Ukraine. ILK003. J1c
2899-2706 BC, Ilyatka, West Ukraine. ILK001. J1c3
4700-4500 BP, ---------, East Germany. ZAU2. J1c
3335-3020 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2405. W5

[Fire Haired14]

The two H1b results really interest me. Here are the only other examples of H1b in ancient DNA. All Eastern Europe...

Trypillian Culture, 3600-2900 BC, West Ukraine, I197, H1b1
Bronze age Mongolia, 1358 BC, Mongolia, H1b
Bronze age Latvia, 800 BC, Latvia, H1b1
Bronze age Latvia, 790-535 BC, Latvia, H1b2

Here are H1b frequencies in Europe.

Western Europe
Britain 0.6%
Ireland 0.3%
NW France 2.4%
SW France 0%
Spain(3000 samples) 0.6%
N-C Italy 2.3%
Munich Germany 2.5%
Austria 1.9%
Sweden 1.2%
Denmark 0.8%

Eastern Europe
Baltic States 5.2%
Russia 2.5%
BeloRussia 1.9%
Poland 3%
West Ukraine(only 100 samples) 1.3%
Slovakia(only 100 samples) 3.5%
Bosnia(only 100 samples) 2.8%
Bulgaria 1.1%
Romania 1.1%
Greece 0.7%

[Maciamo]

H1b's distribution in Western Europe resembles that of G2a-L497 and R1b-U152, who both represent Italo-Celtic ancestry. G2a-L497 was also found in Trypillian, so there is a good chance that the H1b in Western Europe was also assimilated by invading R1b-U152 tribes on their way to central Europe.

The Indo-European connection is quite strong and in fact practically undeniable when one sees H1b in Bronze Age Mongolia. However not all H1b in Indo-European, just like not all G2a-L497 was assimilated by PIE. With Y-DNA one can tell from the deep clade whether it is pre-IE or IE. But mtDNA lacks that kind of resolution, so it's not possible to tell.

[Sile]

Wilde 2014 was the first study to sample DNA from the "Steppe." They retried mtDNA and selected SNPs from Yamnaya, Catacomb, Poltavka, and Eneolithic Steppe individuals.

Several months ago I noticed a few of what I thought were Catacomb samples belonged to typical Neolithic farmer haplogroups. Today I reread Wilde 2014 to see if these samples are really from Catacomb. I learned they're Globular Amphora farmers.

This adds a mere three mtDNA samples to the Globular Amphora database. Below are all of the published Globular Amphora mtDNA samples...

H
3100-2900 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2440. H1b
4700-4500 BP, ----------, East Poland. CZU1. H1b2
3100-2900 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. 12435. H28
3100-2900 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2433. H28
3095-2915 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I207. H28a
2870-2575 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2403. U5b2b1
3400-2800 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2434. U5b1d1
3400-2800 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2441. K1b1a1
4700-4500 BP, -----------, East Poland. CZU2. K1a
2890-2694 BC, Ilyatka, West Ukraine. ILK002. T2b
2900-2709 BC, Ilyatka, West Ukraine. ILK003. J1c
2899-2706 BC, Ilyatka, West Ukraine. ILK001. J1c3
4700-4500 BP, ---------, East Germany. ZAU2. J1c
3335-3020 BC, Kierzkowo, NW Poland. I2405. W5

the H samples you have are far younger than the H from

https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2656

In our updated data set from Mittelelbe-Saale, hg H appears to have been established by the LBK period and increased in frequency after 4000 BC (Supplementary Fig. S3 (https://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms2656#s1)). Interestingly, MNE/LNE cultures with cultural associations to the North and Northeast, such as the Bernburg and CWCs, show reduced hg H frequencies and hg H only moved northwards into southern Scandinavia during the Neolithisation of Northern Europe around the Middle Neolithic,

So H was in germany in the early neolithic ( LBK had nearly 20% ) does this indicate that the path of H was from west to east for Poland?

[Fire Haired14]

does this indicate that the path of H was from west to east for Poland?


Globular_Amphora's H1b descends from some group of early farmers who may or may not have been from west of Poland.