Angela
Elite member
- Messages
- 21,823
- Reaction score
- 12,328
- Points
- 113
- Ethnic group
- Italian
See: Yun, Zhi-Huang
https://oberlinreview.org/14052/news/enrollment-drop-creates-financial-shortfall/
"The human Y-chromosome has proven to be a powerful tool for tracing the paternal history of human populations and genealogical ancestors. The human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q is the most frequent haplogroup in the Americas. Previous studies have traced the origin of haplogroup Q to the region around Central Asia and Southern Siberia. Although the diversity of haplogroup Q in the Americas has been studied in detail, investigations on the diffusion of haplogroup Q in Eurasia and Africa are still limited. In this study, we collected 39 samples from China and Russia, investigated 432 samples from previous studies of haplogroup Q, and analyzed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) subclades Q1a1a1-M120, Q1a2a1-L54, Q1a1b-M25, Q1a2-M346, Q1a2a1a2-L804, Q1a2b2-F1161, Q1b1a-M378, and Q1b1a1-L245. Through NETWORK and BATWING analyses, we found that the subclades of haplogroup Q continued to disperse from Central Asia and Southern Siberia during the past 10,000 years. Apart from its migration through the Beringia to the Americas, haplogroup Q also moved from Asia to the south and to the west during the Neolithic period, and subsequently to the whole of Eurasia and part of Africa."
The data for the various Jewish clades is very interesting.
Table 1The TMRCA and expansion times of haplogroup Q subclades (KYA)
TMRCA the time to the most recent common ancestor, KYA thousand years ago, EMRevolutionary mutation rate (EMR) (Zhivotovsky et al. 2004), OMRB observed genealogical mutation rate (Shi et al. 2010), OMRS observed genealogical mutation rate (Burgarella and Navascués 2011), lmMR a genealogical mutation rate adjusted for population variation using logistic model (Wilson et al. 2003)
https://oberlinreview.org/14052/news/enrollment-drop-creates-financial-shortfall/
"The human Y-chromosome has proven to be a powerful tool for tracing the paternal history of human populations and genealogical ancestors. The human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q is the most frequent haplogroup in the Americas. Previous studies have traced the origin of haplogroup Q to the region around Central Asia and Southern Siberia. Although the diversity of haplogroup Q in the Americas has been studied in detail, investigations on the diffusion of haplogroup Q in Eurasia and Africa are still limited. In this study, we collected 39 samples from China and Russia, investigated 432 samples from previous studies of haplogroup Q, and analyzed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) subclades Q1a1a1-M120, Q1a2a1-L54, Q1a1b-M25, Q1a2-M346, Q1a2a1a2-L804, Q1a2b2-F1161, Q1b1a-M378, and Q1b1a1-L245. Through NETWORK and BATWING analyses, we found that the subclades of haplogroup Q continued to disperse from Central Asia and Southern Siberia during the past 10,000 years. Apart from its migration through the Beringia to the Americas, haplogroup Q also moved from Asia to the south and to the west during the Neolithic period, and subsequently to the whole of Eurasia and part of Africa."
The data for the various Jewish clades is very interesting.
Table 1The TMRCA and expansion times of haplogroup Q subclades (KYA)
| Branch (region or population) | EMR (TMRCA/expansion time) | OMRB (TMRCA/expansion time) | OMRS (TMRCA/expansion time) | lmMR (TMRCA/expansion time) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q1a1a1-M120 | 38.5/16.2 | 11.1/6.4 | 11.1/6.4 | 9.8/5.8 |
| Q1a1a1-M120 DYS391 allele 6 (Han Chinese) | 20.7/13.0 | 6.5/5.5 | 6.7/5.6 | 5.6/5.0 |
| Q1a1a1-M120 DYS391 allele 9 (Han Chinese) | 24.2/13.7 | 7.6/5.8 | 7.8/5.9 | 6.5/5.2 |
| Q1a2a1-L54 (Yenisei basin) | 10.4/9.2 | 2.5/3.4 | 2.4/3.3 | 0.3/0.4 |
| Q1a1b-M25 (Turkic) | 10.9/5.3 | 3.3/2.2 | 4.6/2.7 | 3.1/2.0 |
| Q1a2-M346 (Turkic) | 13.4/8.0 | 4.5/3.8 | 5.5/4.4 | 4.0/3.6 |
| Q1a2-M346 (Western Asia) | 15.1/11.4 | 4.4/4.6 | 5.8/5.5 | 4.0/4.3 |
| Q1a2-M346 (Europe) | 14.0/10.0 | 4.1/4.1 | 5.2/4.9 | 3.8/3.9 |
| Q1a2a1a2-L804 | 19.0/12.6 | 5.8/5.5 | 7.1/6.3 | 5.3/5.2 |
| Q1a2b2-F1161 | 8.6/6.4 | 2.6/2.6 | 3.3/3.1 | 2.3/2.4 |
| Q1b1a-M378 (Jews) | 4.9/4.0 | 1.5/1.6 | 1.8/1.8 | 1.4/1.5 |
| Q1b1a-M378 (Europe) | 6.0/5.2 | 1.8/2.1 | 2.4/2.6 | 1.7/1.9 |
| Q1b1a-M378 (Southern Asia) | 4.0/7.0 | 1.1/3.5 | 1.5/4.1 | 1.0/3.4 |
| Q1b1a1-L245 (Jews) | 23.2/9.1 | 9.8/5.0 | 10.9/5.4 | 8.6/4.8 |
| Q1b1a1-L245 (Western Asia) | 14.6/11.4 | 4.1/4.5 | 5.6/5.5 | 3.9/4.3 |
| Q1b1a1-L245 (Southern Asia) | 7.1/6.1 | 2.1/2.5 | 2.7/2.9 | 1.9/2.3 |
TMRCA the time to the most recent common ancestor, KYA thousand years ago, EMRevolutionary mutation rate (EMR) (Zhivotovsky et al. 2004), OMRB observed genealogical mutation rate (Shi et al. 2010), OMRS observed genealogical mutation rate (Burgarella and Navascués 2011), lmMR a genealogical mutation rate adjusted for population variation using logistic model (Wilson et al. 2003)