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Dr Joe Flood is a mathematician, economist and data analyst. In his pre-print "The phylogenealogy of R-L21: four and a half millennia of expansion and redistribution", he analyzed large sets of data and suggests that L21 arose in the tin mining areas of Cornwall/Devon in the early Bronze Age.I am wondering what route R1b-L21 took from the continent into the Isles.
What modern counties in England (presumably) absorbed the first arrivals carrying R1b-L21?
The distributional evidence for a British origin for L21 around 2500 BC is compelling. Most likely the mutation originated in the large Beaker colony in south-west Britain, where many old lineages still survive. From that spread point it was carried rapidly by sea into north-west France, Ireland, north-west Spain and the Middle Rhine, which today have a high incidence of L21, and into Northern England and Scotland. Of about 45 known early Bronze branches or subclades of L21, almost all are found in Britain or in the English-speaking Diaspora. We are able to identify most of the larger subclades of L21 as ‘Atlantic’—spread throughout the Atlantic Beaker range with a distinct presence in Cornwall-Devon in the early Bronze. Continental R-L21 has origins in small random samples from the extensive English distribution. While many studies have tried to identify continental contributions to Isles populations, here we suggest that the reverse was much greater, at least in the early Bronze Age.
The global distribution of L21 subclades is almost exactly Pareto, showing an entirely random expansion from an initial point of time, however that point is much later than the early Bronze. Around 100 BC a second major R-L21 expansion from a severe bottleneck was initiated in Ireland and Scotland, when a dozen residual ‘deep’ sub-branches sprang to life and came to dominate L21.
Two datasets from FTDNA were compiled for the project in this way. A general European ‘origins’ dataset to calculate incidence of L21 and other haplogroups was obtained by combining all the European geographic projects with all the haplotype projects for Europe and eliminating duplicates. To the commercial core was added the databases of a few research studies where these contained L21 typing—which has helped to improve the measures of incidence in Spain and Italy. A total of 27264 records are in this European Origins database.
The second dataset is the L21 database, which is entirely from FTDNA projects with the addition of the 1000 Genomes set (as this has been analysed for subclades of L21). It includes STR markers, and is much more thoroughly cleaned than the European Origins dataset.
If L-21 did arise originally in Cornwall it would've been from the early megalithic populations of Britain that mixed and caused a hybridization with the waves of oncoming Celts
Dr Joe Flood is a mathematician, economist and data analyst. In his pre-print "The phylogenealogy of R-L21: four and a half millennia of expansion and redistribution", he analyzed large sets of data and suggests that L21 arose in the tin mining areas of Cornwall/Devon in the early Bronze Age.
Yes, Eochaidh (Owey) was a popular name 1000 years ago. It is derived from something like Eche (Ockey) which means Steed-like and is from the early (not later) Irish for horse and cognate with the Latin Equus.Thanks Eochaid - very interesting and seemingly sensible -
does your name contain a link with 'horse' in its meaning?
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