Ancient mtDna from Bronze Age Bulgaria

Angela

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See: Alessandra Modi et al
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41945-0

Probably didn't have the money for more in depth analysis. Hopefully, one of the big labs will help with the rest. The results are about what we would expect, and are in line with that Reich Lab letter a year ago that women did accompany at least the first steppe migrants.

"One of the best documented Indo-European civilizations that inhabited Bulgaria is the Thracians, who lasted for more than five millennia and whose origin and relationships with other past and present-day populations are debated among researchers. Here we report 25 new complete mitochondrial genomes of ancient individuals coming from three necropolises located in different regions of Bulgaria – Shekerdja mogila, Gabrova mogila and Bereketska mogila – dated to II-III millennium BC. The identified mtDNA haplogroup composition reflects the mitochondrial variability of Western Eurasia. In particular, within the ancient Eurasian genetic landscape, Thracians locate in an intermediate position between Early Neolithic farmers and Late Neolithic-Bronze Age steppe pastoralists, supporting the scenario that the Balkan region has been a link between Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean since the prehistoric time. Spatial Principal Component Analysis (sPCA) performed on Thracian and modern mtDNA sequences, confirms the pattern highlighted on ancient populations, overall indicating that the maternal gene pool of Thracians reflects their central geographical position at the gateway of Europe."

"
Recent genome-wide ancient DNA (aDNA) based studies on Southeastern Europe, have shown that Neolithic population from present-day Bulgaria was closely related with the northwestern-Anatolian-Neolithic ancestry that signals the spread of Early farmers across Europe, except for the individuals lived in the mid-sixth millennium BC in Malak Preslavets, who revealed a significantly higher level of hunter-gatherer-related ancestry than the other Balkan Neolithic individuals18. Starting from the early 3rd millennium BCE, migrations from the adjacent Pontic-Caspian and Eurasian steppe also played an important role in the transformation of the European genetic landscape, and the contribution of Steppe ancestry to Southeastern European populations increased particularly during the Bronze Age18. Although our understanding of the population and cultural dynamics occurred in the (pre-) history of Balkan Peninsula is starting to be increasingly elucidated, the genetic details on the local civilization remain unknown and this information is only partly available for the ancient (proto-) Bulgarian people18,19.

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I knew there would be at least one J1c, given that Balkan Neolithic was where and when it began to spread through Europe.
 
Wow interesting, it's the second instance in ancient samples that we found U4c mtdna. The first one was in the recent Caucasus paper were Late Maykop shows mtdna U4c1 and now it's U4c2. All HG's U4 samples until now were either U4a,U4b,U4d. Looks like some kind of coastal pattern. Then also K1c, that is probably an european HG mtdna too, it was found in Iron_Gates HG's.
 
I knew there would be at least one J1c, given that Balkan Neolithic was where and when it began to spread through Europe.

There is a few exemples of J1c in Neolithic Europe from a long time. Like the Starcevo-Cris J1c5 from the Wallachian Plain.
 

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