Y DNA from Hun, Avar and Hungarian nomadic conquerors of the Carpathian Basin

[jose luis]

https://www.google.pt/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjnqciO-eTlAhXB8eAKHai_D3UQFjAAegQIBRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs415 98-019-53105-5&usg=AOvVaw1KBi1XM7t2P0dlYPf5qQ-V (https://www.google.pt/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwjnqciO-eTlAhXB8eAKHai_D3UQFjAAegQIBRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs415 98-019-53105-5&usg=AOvVaw1KBi1XM7t2P0dlYPf5qQ-V)

[bained]

The Data is also available, but I cannot post links yet. I can't wait to see where the samples plot on PCA and their modern similarities!

[gyms]

From: Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-53105-5)


https://media.springernature.com/full/springer-static/image/art%3A10.1038%2Fs41598-019-53105-5/MediaObjects/41598_2019_53105_Fig1_HTML.png

Y-Hg-s determined from 46 males grouped according to sample age, cemetery and Hg. Hg designations are given according to ISOGG Tree 2019. Grey shading designate distinguished individuals with rich grave goods, color shadings denote supposed geographic origin of Hg-s according to Fig. 2 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-53105-5#Fig2). For samples K3/1 and K3/3 the innermost Hg defining marker U106* was not covered, but had been determined previously12 (https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-53105-5#ref-CR12)

[Joey37]

Interesting, lots of Ns, some Scythian R1a-Z94, Slavic CTS1211, and western R1b clades.

[Regio X]

Interesting, lots of Ns, some Scythian R1a-Z94, Slavic CTS1211, and western R1b clades.Surprisingly, even two G2a.

"The PSZ/1 Avar leader belongs to Hg G2a-P15, while K2/33 to the G2a2b-L30 subbranch."

Early Avar period:
PSZ/1 (630-660 AD): G-P15 (xL1259) -> G-L293 (G2a1 - "Caucasian").

Conqueror period:
K2/33 (895-950 AD): G-L30 (G2a2b).

[Duarte]

Phenotypes and genetic predict origin of Hun period, early Avar period, midle and late Avar period, Conqueror period:

https://i.imgur.com/JAkJ0VX.png

[Duarte]

The Data is also available, but I cannot post links yet. I can't wait to see where the samples plot on PCA and their modern similarities!

https://i.imgur.com/YzI0AkV.png

https://i.imgur.com/jWiqze9.png
https://i.imgur.com/pIFCLnq.png

[Duarte]

Supplementary Table S5: Modern population N1a database used for population genetic analysis. This dataset was taken from Ilumäe et al. 2016 with the following modifications: Russians Kostroma, Russians Orjol, Russians Kursk, Russians Voronez, Russians Belgorod and Russians Smolensk groups were merged as Russian (RUS) as they mapped very close to each-other. Mordva and Mordva 1 groups were also merged for the same reason. Subclades were grouped according to the markers tested in this study.






code
N1a2 - L666
N1a1a - M178 xB187 xB211 xB197 xM2019 xVL29 xZ1936
N1a1a2 - B187
N1a1a1a2- B211
N1a1a1a1a1a - VL29
N1a1a1a1a2 - Z1936
N1a1a1a1a3 - B197
N1a1a1a1a4 - M2019
N1 ratio in pop
n total


Northeastern Europe
Linguistic affiliation













Saami (Sweden)
Uralic, Finno-Saami
SAA
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
46,15%
53,85%
0,00%
0,00%
100,00%
13


Finns
Uralic, Finno-Saami
FIN
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
12,82%
41,03%
0,00%
0,00%
53,85%
39


Karelians
Uralic, Finno-Saami
KAR
0,72%
0,72%
0,00%
0,72%
15,11%
20,14%
0,00%
0,00%
37,41%
139


Vepsa
Uralic, Finno-Saami
VEP
17,50%
2,50%
0,00%
0,00%
2,50%
32,50%
0,00%
0,00%
55,00%
40


Russians Arhangelsk
Indo-European, Balto-Slavic
RUSA
6,60%
0,94%
0,00%
0,94%
13,21%
22,64%
0,00%
0,00%
44,34%
106


Russians Pinega
Indo-European, Balto-Slavic
RUSP
16,50%
0,97%
0,00%
0,00%
3,88%
19,42%
0,00%
0,00%
40,78%
103


Eastern Europe














Estonians
Uralic, Finno-Saami
EST
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
27,66%
2,98%
0,00%
0,00%
30,64%
235


Avars
Test_population
AVAR
0,00%
14,29%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
35,71%
0,00%
50,00%
14


Hungarian_Conquerors
Test_population
CONQ
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
10,34%
0,00%
6,90%
17,24%
29


Latvians
Indo-European, Balto-Slavic
LVA
0,00%
3,49%
0,00%
0,00%
38,37%
1,16%
0,00%
0,00%
43,02%
86


Lithuanians
Indo-Europen, Balto-Slavic
LTU
0,00%
0,90%
0,00%
0,00%
39,64%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
40,54%
111


Belarusians
Indo-European, Balto-Slavic
BLR
0,75%
0,00%
0,00%
1,12%
7,87%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
9,74%
267


Polish
Indo-European, Balto-Slavic
POL
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
4,30%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
4,30%
93


Russians Pskov
Indo-European, Balto-Slavic
RUSPS
0,76%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
18,18%
3,79%
0,00%
0,00%
22,73%
132


Russians
Indo-European, Balto-Slavic
RUS
0,37%
0,37%
0,00%
0,18%
5,69%
2,20%
0,00%
0,00%
8,81%
545


Crimean Tatars
Altaic,Turkic
TATC
0,00%
0,36%
0,00%
0,00%
2,89%
0,00%
1,08%
0,00%
4,33%
277


Ukrainians
Indo-European, Slavic
UKR
0,53%
0,18%
0,00%
0,00%
6,89%
1,06%
0,18%
0,18%
9,01%
566


Volga-Uralic region














Udmurts
Uralic, Finno-Permic
UDM
11,11%
0,00%
0,00%
66,67%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
77,78%
54


Maris
Uralic, Finno-Volgaic
MAR
15,69%
0,00%
0,00%
13,73%
11,76%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
41,18%
51


Komi Permians
Uralic, Finno-Permic
KOMP
6,67%
5,00%
0,00%
11,67%
1,67%
5,00%
0,00%
0,00%
30,00%
60


Komi (Syktyk distr.)
Uralic, Finno-Permic
KOMS
35,29%
0,00%
0,00%
17,65%
11,76%
5,88%
0,00%
0,00%
70,59%
17


Komi (Izhemsky distr.)
Uralic, Finno Permic
KOMI
16,67%
0,00%
0,00%
43,33%
0,00%
10,00%
0,00%
0,00%
70,00%
30


Mordva
Uralic, Finno-Volgaic
MRD
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
9,13%
0,76%
2,66%
0,00%
0,00%
12,55%
263


Chuvashes
Altaic, Turkic
CHV
9,65%
0,00%
0,00%
20,18%
2,63%
3,51%
0,00%
0,00%
35,96%
114


Volga Tatars
Altaic, Turkic
TAT
9,77%
0,75%
0,75%
0,00%
3,76%
12,78%
0,00%
0,00%
27,82%
133


Bashkirs
Altaic, Turkic
BSH
0,88%
0,00%
0,00%
0,70%
0,70%
14,96%
0,00%
0,00%
17,25%
568


Western Siberia














Khanty and Mansi
Uralic, Ob-Ugric
KHT
26,98%
11,11%
0,00%
19,05%
0,00%
7,94%
0,00%
12,70%
77,78%
63


Nenets
Uralic, Samoyedic
NEN
69,05%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
14,29%
9,52%
0,00%
0,00%
92,86%
42


Nganasans
Uralic, Samoyedic
NGA
54,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
4,00%
0,00%
0,00%
58,00%
50


Selkups
Uralic, Samoyedic
SEL
6,98%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
2,33%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
9,30%
43


Siberian Tatars
Altaic, Turkic
TATS
17,19%
0,45%
0,00%
0,00%
1,36%
5,43%
2,26%
0,90%
27,60%
221


Dolgans from Taymyr
Altaic, Turkic
DLGT
24,07%
5,56%
0,00%
0,00%
3,70%
7,41%
0,00%
3,70%
44,44%
54


Central Siberia














Central Yakuts
Altaic, Turkic
YAKC
2,17%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
85,87%
88,04%
92


Vilyuy Yakuts
Altaic, Turkic
YAKV
0,00%
1,69%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
89,83%
91,53%
59


Northern Yakuts
Altaic, Turkic
YAKN
10,77%
1,54%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
69,23%
81,54%
65


Evenks
Altaic, Tungusic
EVK
5,26%
1,75%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
1,75%
47,37%
56,14%
57


Evens
Altaic, Tungusic
EVN
8,33%
8,33%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
29,17%
45,83%
24


Yukaghirs
Isolate
YUK
0,00%
27,27%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
27,27%
11


Dolgans from Yakutia
Altaic, Turkic
DLGY
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
50,00%
50,00%
10


Eastern Siberia














Asian Eskimos
Eskimo-Aleut
ESK
11,76%
11,76%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
23,53%
0,00%
47,06%
17


Chukchi
Chukotko-Kamtchatkan
CHK
0,00%
6,52%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
47,83%
0,00%
54,35%
46


Koryaks
Chukotko-Kamtchatkan
KORY
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
22,22%
0,00%
22,22%
9


Nanais
Altaic, Tungusic
NAN
0,00%
0,77%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
43,85%
44,62%
130


Southern Siberia














Altaians
Altaic, Turkic
ALT
8,20%
0,00%
9,84%
6,56%
0,00%
0,00%
3,28%
0,00%
27,87%
61


Tuvans
Altaic, Turkic
TUV
20,00%
0,00%
6,32%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
6,32%
1,05%
33,68%
95


Khakassis
Altaic,Turkic
KHK
16,67%
0,57%
23,56%
0,57%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
41,38%
174


Shorians
Altaic,Turkic
SHR
8,70%
0,00%
26,09%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
4,35%
39,13%
23


Mongolia & Transbaikal














Mongols
Altaic, Mongolic
MNG
5,77%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
6,30%
0,26%
12,34%
381


Buryats
Altaic, Mongolic
BUR
2,70%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
41,44%
0,00%
44,14%
111


Central Asia & Caucasus














Kazakhs
Altaic, Turkic
KZH
1,08%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
2,16%
0,54%
3,78%
185


Uzbeks
Altaic, Turkic
UZB
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,47%
0,47%
0,93%
215


Karanogays
Altaic,Turkic
KNO
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,84%
1,68%
0,84%
6,72%
2,52%
12,61%
119


Karakalpaks
Altaic,Turkic
KARA
0,00%
1,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
0,00%
1,00%
2,00%
4,00%
100

[Regio X]

So G2a were warrior hunts and not farmers?Not sure what you mean. Observe timeframes. Before ~10k years ago, humans were all HGs. After ~4k years ago, almost all Europeans were also "farmers". G2a was indeed the most common haplogroup among ANF/EEF in Neolithic though.

These Avars lived a bit more than 1k years ago.

[Paulavar]

How can you discover a place already inhabited by an indiginous people?Thats because western and eastern civilzations never knew there was a new world to conqure. Except for the Vikings which they were the first to discover, but their knowlege lost to history.