High levels of HG in LN German settlement

Angela

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See:
Alexander Immel et al (Krause group)

"[h=1]Genome-wide study of a Neolithic Wartberg grave community reveals distinct HLA variation and hunter-gatherer ancestry"[/h]
https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-020-01627-4

This was just a few hundred years before the arrival of steppe people.

Interesting paper. Probably the high levels of HG in some of the samples, and the diversity, was because the admixture was recent, perhaps caused by a recent incorporation of a group of hunter gatherers.

The phenotype prediction is still largely HG with alleles favoring dark skin. Brown eyes from the farmer element had arrived (although blue eyed people still remained).

No alleles for lactase persistence, and not even for starch metabolism yet.

HG seems to have had more protection than moderns against viruses, but not against bacteria. No signs of plague or, for that matter TB or leprosy, so old ideas of Neolithic villages harboring a lot of TB were not supported by the findings here.

There's a lot of info on HLA.

Oh, all the men were I2a2

"The Wartberg culture (WBC, 3500-2800 BCE) dates to the Late Neolithic period, a time of important demographic and cultural transformations in western Europe. We performed genome-wide analyses of 42 individuals who were interred in a WBC collective burial in Niedertiefenbach, Germany (3300-3200 cal. BCE). The results showed that the farming population of Niedertiefenbach carried a surprisingly large hunter-gatherer ancestry component (34–58%). This component was most likely introduced during the cultural transformation that led to the WBC. In addition, the Niedertiefenbach individuals exhibited a distinct human leukocyte antigen gene pool, possibly reflecting an immune response that was geared towards detecting viral infections."
 
Here are the mtDNA and Y-DNA haplogroups reported from Supplementary Data 1:

MT HaplogroupY Haplogroup
U5b2b2I2c1a1
J1c1I2c
NAI2a2a2a
UNA
J1c1NA
U5bNA
HV0aNA
UNA
J2b1aNA
UNA
HV0NA
U4'9NA
H3aa
NA
H5I2a2a2a
J2b1a2I2c1a1
J1c3gI2a1a2a2
J2b1a2NA
H7dI2c1a1
H3aa
NA
X2c1I2a1a1a
HI2c1a1
X2c1NA
X2c1I2a1a1a
H1NA
U5b1bNA
V10NA
H5uI2c1a1
U2e1c1I2c1a1
K1a3I2c1a1
U3a1NA
K2b1aI2c1a1
U5b1hI2c1a1
J1c2NA
J1c1I2c1a1
U2e1cNA
U5b3NA
K1eNA
 
there is another recent paper on this site :
google :
HIGH-PRECISION BAYESIAN CHRONOLOGICAL MODELING ON A CALIBRATION
PLATEAU: THE NIEDERTIEFENBACH GALLERY GRAVE
 
Here are the mtDNA and Y-DNA haplogroups reported from Supplementary Data 1:

MT HaplogroupY Haplogroup
U5b2b2I2c1a1
J1c1I2c
NAI2a2a2a
UNA
J1c1NA
U5bNA
HV0aNA
UNA
J2b1aNA
UNA
HV0NA
U4'9NA
H3aaNA
H5I2a2a2a
J2b1a2I2c1a1
J1c3gI2a1a2a2
J2b1a2NA
H7dI2c1a1
H3aaNA
X2c1I2a1a1a
HI2c1a1
X2c1NA
X2c1I2a1a1a
H1NA
U5b1bNA
V10NA
H5uI2c1a1
U2e1c1I2c1a1
K1a3I2c1a1
U3a1NA
K2b1aI2c1a1
U5b1hI2c1a1
J1c2NA
J1c1I2c1a1
U2e1cNA
U5b3NA
K1eNA

Interesting. I2a2 as well as 12a1, and lots of I2c.

My U2e shows up but only U2e1, not U2e2.
 

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