A few notes here:
The assertion that "autosomal ancient DNA supports an origin from the West" is circular reasoning in my opinion. Autosomal would suggest that, yes, the pre-Celtic population of the Atlantic region is... Atlantic. It's a tautology, especially as we have y-chromosomal evidence...
Yeah, I think a broader comparison that also included modern Celtic languages (e.g. Breton, Irish and Welsh) would be useful - having said this, the Brythonic languages in particular have a share of Romance loanwords that replaced native Celtic ones (e.g. words for "bridge", "fish" and "people"...
The situation in France is so unfortunate. I'm happy that France has made such progress in vaccination, especially after all this loss of life it would be incomprehensible for me why the anti-vaccination movement is so strong.
Gaulish duxtir and its Germanic counterpart (see English "daughter") is inherited from Proto-Indo-European. See also Greek thygatēr (θυγατηρ) and Persian dokhtar (دختر).
The word iron in Germanic was no doubt borrowed from Celtic. According to Ringe, the root *īsarno- is vrddi construction...
Poland as an eventual high-income country is very plausible. However, Poland is struggling with a relatively high emigration rate and low birth rate, and most recently with a strong anti-immigrant bias. That is not a good combination, in my opinion. If the Poles were very smart, they should be...
I have little to add here, since Ygorcs explained it all quite eloquently and detailed.
Basque is indeed a non-Indo-European language (no doubt about this?). There are loanwords from Indo-European, Romance mainly, which is unsurprising given how the Basques have been surrounded by Romance...
One point I'd like to make: this discussion has been focusing a lot on genetics, whereas we're actually talking (or should be talking) about a language family. One important point to make is that the Luwic group of languages possessed a type of palatalization that can* be compared to...
The date "3000 years old" in the original post doesn't really make sense to me. Eblaite, an East Semitic language closest related with Akkadian of Mesopotamia, is attested from roughly the later part of the 3rd millennium BC (circa 2600-2200BC), until the destruction of the city. It was written...
That author is fooling himself by wishful make-belief. He reads a gibberish that looks like Turkic from the runestone because he wants it to be Turkic. The Möjbro stone, at the upper left, you can read Runic "SLAGINAZ" (written right-to-left), which is Proto-Germanic for 'beaten' (cognate with...
As I said before, the product is gibberish. Also the author of that link uses modern (Anatolian!) Turkish which doesn't make any sense. Even then it doesn't really make sense (for example, above it reads "gobek" = dog, it should be "köpek").
There are two major branches of the Turkic language...
This topic of the Old Turkic script being related with Nordic runes - or even Nordic runes are supposedly readable as Turkic - is an urban legend that refuses to die.
First:
- the Runes are the older writing system, descended from the Etruscan alphabet (or variants of the Etruscan alphabet used...
Good work! Your tree is heavily genetics-based (in particular based off Y-DNA phylogeny), and there's some points where one would disagree on linguistic grounds. My main example there would be putting P-Celtic as closer to Italic than Goidelic. However, as you said, you can explain it that way...
1) Why is the map horizontally flipped and turned by 90 degrees?
2) As the others have said (approximately):
- only the north of Italy had a Celtic presence (you fixed that in the second map)
- the northeast of Germany had no Celtic presence either (you fixed that in the second map).
- In...
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