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Farming communities were no simple. In fact, they can be associated not only to agricultural and navigation skills but also to the Megalithic culture (see, for example the Maciamo's thread https://www.eupedia.com/forum/threads/new-map-of-the-megalithic-cultures.40082/). Notice that the Early...

(source: wikipedia) The first alleged circumnavigation of the African continent attested to was made by Phoenician sailors, in an expedition commissioned by Egyptian pharaoh Necho II, c. 600 BC which took three years. A report of this expedition is provided by Herodotus (4.37). They sailed...

This paper gives me the opportunity to express the idea that navigation is a human invention very very undervalued and, in my opinion, most important than the wheel. If someone is interested in this topic, it would be interesting to share some comments about this topic. In the Neolithic, when...

The first Neolithic boats in the Mediterranean: The settlement of La Marmotta (Anguillara Sabazia, Lazio, Italy) Abstract Navigation in the Mediterranean in the Neolithic is studied here through the boats that were used, the degree of technical specialisation in their construction and, above...

More violence (Neolithic): https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-43026-9 Large‐scale violence in Late Neolithic Western Europe based on expanded skeletal evidence from San Juan ante Portam Latinam This paper explores the nature and extent of conflict in Late Neolithic Europe based on...

I don't remember DNA results. Also, the violence peaked around 4000 BCE, suggesting anatolian farmers DNA, and around 2500 BCE, DNA of bronze and iron weapons people. Perhaps we agree that violence is a sapiens DNA attribute. :(

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41562-023-01700-y.epdf?sharing_token=DlR59Q8vFCPz1Iq8TeCIS9RgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0OKyAVMuIKVUu3CqPi6YyliV65jqorO1bDGAhBUmJDIZRikRAK_fmj-g5EpHmBbZoB0IzPfBS0U_UdgsvwjJHtO3rB8XfMgzOzRmCQguNo_EZvB0EBXi7PtWtWIIVGg_N3iN9uZzTRbo21iLaMo_5Gm8tH3EO-THtWLLVfr4Av01g%3D%3D&tracki...

Hi Duarte, very informative tracker. However, I have a question that perhaps you can clarify. In the figure, R-L754 is a SNP originated near the Caspian sea in the Mesolithic. According to Robert Smith work1, there was R-L754 WHG in Villabruna, North of Italy in Paleolithic (ca. 12100 BC), if I...

Thank you for the recommendation. The Selfish gene is an anthological book about genetics.

The most significant revelation is the female gender of the buried individual, but there are other surprising facts. In "The Mega-Site of Valencina de la Concepción (Seville, Spain): Debating Settlement Form, Monumentality and Aggregation in Southern Iberian Copper Age Societies" J World...

Valencina (Seville, SW Spain) (Fig. 1) is a Copper Age ‘mega-site’ spreading over c. 450 hectares, much larger than other coeval sites. Recent research has revealed the extent of Valencina’s monumentalism with its sophisticated megalithic chambers and massive ditches as well as its associated...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-36368-x "... for decades, archaeologists have struggled with the sex estimation of poorly preserved human remains. Here we present an exceptional case study that shows how ground‐breaking new scientific methods may address this problem. Through the...

Significant work. Is there information extracted from the DNA about skin, eye and hair colour of this ANE woman?

In BA (about 2500 BC) there were in Iberia a genetic turnover and appeared R1b Y-Hg people and mostly in the North and NW of the peninsula. The genetic change was not as sharp as in the British Isles but it was coincident in time and suggest a maritime invasion, not by the Pyrenees area. Would...

The first paper is interesting: "In conclusion, our study reveals that western and southwestern Europe served as climatic refugia for the persistence of human groups during the coldest phase of the last Ice Age whereas populations in the Italian peninsula and the eastern European plain were...

An idea of the earliest BB areas can be formed with the plot of some ancient individuals associated to BB (ID and y-haplogroup) across Europe:

On Corded Ware and Yamnaya: https://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2021/07/on-origin-of-corded-ware-people.html

Can we consider the Lower Rhine region as a possible candidate? In that case, we have R1b-L51 there at 4000-3500 BC, and an ulterior maritime migration would allow they reach the British Isles in 2500 BC. I remember also that the Amesbury archer was buried near Stonehenge (2300 BC) and was born...

Moesan, let me expose some personal views about the topic (and also recall that I am not an expert, so completely open to assimilate other forumer's ideas). The arrival of the indo-european to western europe from the east is consistent with the possibility of celtic coming from the west. The...

If I am not wrong, the samples I2575 and I1392 are in the neolithic group but they have the France Bell-Beaker symbol. If this is correct, the France Bell-Beaker people is more diverse than the British Bell-Beaker people, as it is the case of the diverse Iberian Bell-Beaker (e.g., Olalde2018).