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What you fail to explain is the huge success of R1b against other groups. How R1b populated western Europe with such high densities, especially if the main culture at early metal age is NOT R1b. Sorry but I can't follow you. As I said in the second post above, you are missing the necessity...

OK; no links, so no L51* map but I guess you know where to find it. This additional post because I am quite surprised by the discussions going on here. The DNA testing of skeletons has found no R1b before metal age. R1b haplotypes are known to have a low variance and SNP testing is showing...

I made an answer and lost it because the link was refused (for a picture). i am tired of that. I have no time to waste.

I eventually reached this discussion after you mentioned it to me. Here is my reaction. What you call "multi-ethnic" is what I call "community". Now I have to explain. Elsewhere I have developed an interpretation of R1b spread in Europe (and I consider Bell Beakers as the main part of it)...

This is interesting but hard to find any detail in the article on the IJ-M429* case. Any 10 STR marker haplotype ?

We now need to get maps for the main U106 subclades and see how the group evolved. The spot around Switzerland/ lower Austria is puzzling as this area is also strong for U152 ; the 2 groups developed in different areas, except on this location. also, the limit to the east (in Austria) looks...

Nice map indeed but we now are at the point where the U152 entity should be questioned through its known main subclades. Also spotted areas who be interesting to study more carefully. One example : the Ligurian land like the Cinqueterre ; these isolated places might prove interesting to link...

I won't start a thread on it but we are at the edge of a big change in term of SNP data. The 1000 genomes project collected many new Y SNPs and many are still not included in the ISOGG tree. Geno 2.0 the new chip used by the genographic project is using an unprecedented set of Y SNPs from the...

No one continued this post. i would like to point that between 40 000 and 50 000 years ago is the moment modern humans were able to successfully compete Neandertals in Europe. The expansion might therefore be related to the ability to adapt to colder lands, possibly because of adapted clothes...