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Any reference for this? I didn't know that you any such study of Norwegians existed.

Where did you find that 1/3 of maternal lines in Norway are of Celtic descent?

We could argue endlessly about each of your specific points, e.g. whether the sagas were a useful source of information, or whether it is possible to keep physically strong slaves. I do not want to get into that. It seems clear to me that this idea that vikings kept no Celtic slaves is pure...

I'm pretty sure R1B-U152 is not completely absent anywhere in Norway, just very uncommon. R1B-U152 is also very uncommon in the "Celtic fringe" which was where most viking activity took place. In Ireland, only in certain areas up to 5-10% carry this haplotype, according to the map on this...

Which haplotypes you find among the inhabitants of the Celtic fringe, but not among Scandinavians?

What I was trying to get at is, what does one mean by "Northern french"? Are these ethnically mainly Germanic Franks, local Celts, something else or is it impossible to say from their descendants in Northern Sicily?

Even if a few monks were living in Iceland, there is no way they are the reason for the huge amount of R1b-L21 in Icelanders, which was mentioned to help explain R1b-L21 in Norway, which is what this thread is about.

It may be that this is just too technical genetic lingo for me to understand, but what are the reasons to think that this contact predates the viking incursions? We aren't talking about huge numbers of people, although the population of Norway about doubled during the viking age it was still...

So, some of these half-celtic, half-viking people made their way back to (mainly) west coast Norway, and so did some slaves, thus nicely explaining why there is some concentration of L21 there? (and in Sicily after the Norman conquest)?

It is my understanding that the Normans who settled in Northern Sicily made significant contribution to the genetic makeup of its people, with something like 15% carrying l1 in certain areas even today. However, the Normans were in many ways just as "french" as they were nordic, and would have...

Obviously, there is no absolute proof either way. What we do know is: - Over half of females in Iceland carry mtDNA from Celtic areas. Transporting lots of slaves/wifes was at the very least not impossible. - 15-20% of males in Iceland carry L21. This is a lot more than west coast Norwegians...

I'm assuming that lots of haplogroups including various branches of R1b as well as L1 are were common among slaves in Norway. I wish I could link the image of distribution of haplogroup R1b-L21 (S145) from Eupedia. On this map you can very clearly see that this is a branch only common in the...

I read it on NorwayDNA, but lots of sources use this term. (I am not allowed to post links yet due to just joining.) A quick search on Eupedia showing the distribution of R2b L21 shows a pretty convincing picture. You don't often see as concentrated and exclusive haplogroups as this one in...

Ages ago I remember there was a debate about the surprisingly high amount of Y R1b-L21 present in Norway, especially on the west coast in regions where many viking raiders originated. The big question was whether this was due to some strange ancient anomaly, male slaves returned to Norway and...