bicicleur 2
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When it comes to haplogroups of Xiaohe mummies:
Y-DNA = R1a (11 samples = ca. 92%) and K (one sample = ca. 8%)
mtDNA = H, K, U5, U7, U2e, T, R*, C4, C5, B, D, G2a, M5 and maybe M*
Authors claim that C4 and C5 are "East Asian", but in fact they are native Siberian, and also present in Europe:
http://eurogenes.blogspot.com/2013/09/european-specific-mtdna-c-from.html
if they are not Z-93 then they probably were not Andronovo
there are signs of contacts between China and Indo-Europeans before Andronovo (horses, cattle herders, bronze ...)
the contacts came 2 ways : north via Manchuria and through the Gansu corridor
contact was not allways direct, it was via middle men
Q1a1-M120 arrived in NW China > 3 ka, they became part of the aristocracy of the early Han Chinese
N arrived from Manchuria, often as cattle herder , it is also a component of early Han Chinese (3 ka)
Lower Xiajidian culture (3-2.4 ka) involves arrival of cattle herders from Mongolia, probably C2 people who had been in contact with Tochars before Andronovo
Those C2 did not become part of the Han Chinese though.
The peasants in central China prior to the Han were O and many of them had allready moved south for more farming lands into Indochina prior to the formation of the Han Chinese.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qijia_culture