But that is still going to leave us with a dilemma. Lets do some simple reasoning. If E-M81 is so abundant in North Africa (at the present day) and also found from such an old age in Iberia, why should not E-V13 not have the same patterns and numbers in North Africa? Why is one so obvious and the other is not? Is just a lucky tribe kinda of answer who ended up in Balkans enough making lots of babies there die off completely were it was mutated?. I will not stop repeating the obvious
. The tiny 1% found in north Africa is clearly an obvious import from the balkans. It is well known that many Greeks settled in Egypt in the classical era and beyond. And most of E-V13 found in Libya in mostly amongst Jews. Morocco is void of E-V13.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greeks_in_Egypt
Simple chronology. In Paleolithic and Mesolithic central and northern Europe, haplogroups C1a2, F and I were abundant, yet the two first virtually disappeared because Neolithic newcomers brought G2a and had vastly more offspring thanks to agriculture. Only the few I subclades that adapted and joined G2a agricultural communities prospered (mostly I1 and I2a1). Then Bronze Age invaders came with new male lineages (R1a, R1b, J2) and killed the aboriginal men, or over-reproduced compared to them, so that even Neolithic lineages fell into a meagre minority. Once again, only those who joined the new invaders prospered (Germanic I1 and Slavic I2a1b), while others dwindled (I2a1a, G2a) apart in a few secluded pockets (Sardinia, Pyrenees, Alps).
Similar scenario in North Africa but with other haplogroups:
1) Paleolithic and Mesolithic hunter-gatherers were E-M78 belonging to various subclades V12, V13, V22 or V65 depending on the region.
2) Neolithic herders came in two waves : R1b-V88 with cattle and J1+T1a with goats. G2 cereal farmers in some regions only (esp. in Egypt). Very different situation from central/northern Europe. In North Africa and the Mediterranean Europe, the landscape is much more mountainous, which is better suited to herding than cereal farming, which is why J1 and T are much more common around the Mediterranean (+ Alps and Carpathians) than in flat regions of Europe. However herding doesn't provide as much of food surplus as cereals, so the herders' population grow more slowly compared to hunter-gatherers. Besides domesticated animals can be stolen, and raids have always been common in herding societies, be it in Highland Scotland a few centuries ago or in Ethiopia or the Sahel today. As a result, hunter-gatherers can become herders easily too and more native HG lineages survive (E-M78 in both Mediterranean Europe and North Africa).
3) Bronze Age invaders come, kill local men, seize political power, get harems and monopolise women available for reproduction. Their Y-DNA rise suddenly. Apparently this is what happened with E-M81, but I don't know exactly how. They might have been part of the Afroasiatic expansion, which also brought E-M84 to the Middle East (Proto-Semitic branch). E-M81 would have been the Proto-Berber branch, which could have spread anytime between 5000 and 1000 BCE. The Phoenicians (J1, J2a, G2, E-M84, R1b-L23, R1a-Z93, Q1b) also had an impact on the coastal Maghreb, but they were merchants more than military conquerors, so they didn't make a point to exterminate local men.
4) Roman colonisation : only minor genetic impact.
5) Arabic conquest : major population replacement, especially through the paternal line due to the institutionalisation of polygamy and vast harems for the ruling class (mostly J1-P58).
So why is E-V13 more common in Europe than North Africa today ? For three main reasons:
A) Due to a founder effect in the population that migrated from North Africa to Europe (a small group that had more V13 than average).
B) E-V13 survives mostly in places where Indo-Europeans arrived late and had a much smaller impact than in the rest of Europe, i.e. Iberia (R1b spread very slowly from 1800 to 1000 BCE), Italy (Italics only entered from 1200 BCE, but didn't reach the south until c. 500 BCE), southern Balkans (early entry of R1b but region already heavily populated and difficulty to Indo-Europeanise locals, as attested by the numerous pre-IE vocabulary in Albanian and Greek).
C) Europe didn't have the Arabic conquest (except Iberia, Malta and Sicily). Note how E-V13 survived better in the mountains of central Sicily than in coastal regions battered by waves of medieval invaders (Vandals, Normans, Saracens).