Hygienists. From the History of Eugenics
Higieniści. Z dziejów eugeniki, reportage, Czarne 2013, 424 pages, ISBN 978-83-7536-211-4
Rights available: World (excl. Sweden)
In August 1997, the attention of the world media was focused on Stockholm. Could it be true that this country of democratic prosperity forced thousands of its citizens to undergo surgical sterilisation in the name of ‘racial hygiene’ as late as in the 1970s? Was it possible that the socialdemocratic Swedish authorities made a distinction between ‘the useful‘ and ‘the useless‘ citizens? How could it happen that the media had remained silent on the subject for so long? A week later the Swedish government decided to create a special commission and pay damages to the victims of forced sterilisation.
The author of the press articles that first revealed the truth about what happened was Maciej Zaremba-Bielawski. Hygienists… is an extended collection of these articles, accompanied by a number of essays on the history of eugenics, its propagators, opponents and enthusiasts in countries as different as the USA, Third Reich, Sweden and Japan. Nazi Germany never had the monopoly on eliminating individuals deemed ‘not deserving to live‘. The utopian idea to perfect the human race through selective breeding has a long and astonishing tradition. In the 1930s it found its supporters among leading Polish intelectuals, such as Tadeusz Boy-Żeleński and many well known and respected doctors. In chapters added especially for the Polish edition, Maciej Zaremba-Bielawski attempts to understand their motifs and searches for the reason why they never succeeded in persuading the Polish society.
And even though these days there are no state programmes of ‘genetic perfection‘, eugenics has not become history. On the contrary, it tends to return in new forms, like in the United States where children are known to sue their parents and hospitals in which they were born for their inborn disfunctions.
Reading Zaremba’s book, it is impossible not to think that the Swedish racial hygiene programme might – in other political and historic circumstances, and with just a few tricks – easily turn into death industry.
(Peter Englund, Dagens Nyheter)
His series of straightforward articles in one of Sweden’s biggest dailies restored to the victims their rightful place in the public debate and stirred the collective consciousness in a country which used to turn a blind eye to the darker leafs of its history.
(The Washington Post)
Who these people were it is easy to say: they were outlaws. For them, what was good for the society was deemed unacceptable. For them, the welfare state was no benefactor. A very long time had passed before someone forced the state to ask for forgiveness and pay meager sums in compensation to the victims. But not until Zaremba’s book were the victims given back their dignity.
(Helsingborgs Dagblad)
In the last decade a few isolated articles attempted to rise the curtain of silence and break the taboo. But what was necessary to finally expose this story in all its brutality and force the authorities to respond was a serious investigation carried out by one of the most influential daily papers.
(Le Monde)
Maciej Zaremba is sensitive to the paternalism of the Swedish prosperous state. Now no attempt to defend or reform the system can possibly ignore the weight of violence and evil that he exposed.
(David Karlsson, Dagens Nyheter)