holy roman empire

Frederick II is one of the most interesting Holy Roman emperors in history. In addition to being emperor he was king of Sicily and Southern Italy and at one point also king of Jerusalem. He led the only crusade (the 6th) that was successful almost entirely through diplomacy, with minimal...

Many lists have been written about the most long-lived empires or states in the history of mankind and oddly enough nobody seems to agree on the ranking. That is because it depends how one counts. For example: a) Shall we consider only empires or also kingdoms and republics ? The longest-lived...