If man disappeared from the planet I don't think any creature would be able to take his place, nor do I think intelligence of a particular species would evolve, because it would have begun to do so already. It is said that we evolved from the apes, but no one to date has been able to find the so called "missing link" to prove this theory. Neanderthal man suddenly disappeared and then it was us, homo-sapiens with no link whatsoever. I do not believe homo-sapens developed from the apes.
Why is it that we do not see evolution occuring during recorded history? Apes, chimpanzees, gorillas, etc. have not shown one one bit of evolution in thousands of years. Neither have plants and other animal species.
Where did modern man come from then if he did not evolve from the apes?
Lawrence Gardner in his book "Genesis of the Grail Kings", on pg 11, makes an interesting point:
Every single nation on this earth has a myth or myths, legends, and so on that say "beings" came from the heavens and fashioned man from the hominid that was already on this planet in order to make a species of slaves in their own image that would do their bidding. Sounds strange I know. But the Japanese, Chinese, American Indian, Aztecs, Myans, all speak of the same thing. In ancient Sumerian clay tablets, this species, or being, is translated as the "Adamu". The Adam of the bible.It took man over a million years to progress from using stones as he found them to the realization that they could be chipped and flaked for better purposes. It then took another 500,000 years before Neanderthal man mastered the concept of stone tools, and a further 50,000 years before crops were cultivated and metallurgy was discovered. Such was the long and arduous natural process which brought mankind to about 5,000 B.C. Hence, by all scales of evolutionary reckoning, we should still be far removed from any basic understanding of mathematics, engineering or science-but here we are, only 7,000 years later, landing probes on Mars....
...So, how did we inherit wisdoim, and from whom?
And the "beings" that created the Adamu were called the serpent people, dragons, etc. Is it any wonder why the dragon is so prominent in Asian history and mythology? But this is another thread in itself.
So, in answering your question, would an itelligent being evolve or emerge on this planet? I don't think so without outside intervention.
I think I read somewhere that the oldest living species on this planet is the cockroach as they have been around for millions of years and other than genetically learning how to overcome insecticides, have not evolved into an intelligent being. At least what we humans consider to be intelligent.