
Originally Posted by
Angela
I have a slightly different take on this.
I'd point out, for example, that the people who were speaking of Antonio Banderas probably assumed he was Hispanic, not Spanish. The ignorance of people in Hollywood is not to be underestimated.
Yes, the WASP was, at first, the standard for "whiteness" in the U.S., but many people who were not Anglo-Saxon Protestants were accepted as "white" fairly early. The settlers of Maryland were English Catholics, but no one ever doubted their "whiteness". That was the case, as well, with the German speakers from the Palatine who were apparently too dark for William Penn's liking when they arrived in Pennsylvania as well as being largely "Swiss", not Anglo-Saxon. They were quickly assimilated as were Catholic German immigrants.
"Colonial Americans" couldn't deny the Irish were "white" even if they were neither Anglo-Saxon nor Protestant. Didn't stop them from being mistreated in the mid-nineteenth century, but they were still allowed to vote etc, so much so that they quickly took political control in a lot of major U.S. cities by the end of the 19th century.
The few Italians who migrated before about 1880 (about 25,000 of them) were certainly considered white. They included the craftsmen and artists who oversaw much of the building of Washington D.C., like Constantino Brumidi, and Lorenzo Da Ponte, who built the first opera house in the U.S., and the vineyard owners and bankers of California, like A.P. Giannini, who founded The Bank of America, at one time the largest commercial bank in the world.
Many of our Portuguese migrants were from the Azores, and noticeably darker than "Anglo-Saxons", yet I don't think they faced major problems. The fact that they spoke a foreign language and were Christian and lived in the North and California insulated them from racial prejudice.
In an extreme case, the Melungeons, a group of people from the southern United States who were noticeably darker than most southerners were sometimes brought to court in the 1800s to strip them of their voting rights. They retained them in a lot of cases by claiming to be the descendants of the Portuguese sailors who worked on the ships bringing slaves to the south. In reality, modern dna testing showed they were the descendants of black male slaves and white female indentured servants from the early days of the colonial south.
As for the mainly Southern Italians and Greeks who arrived in the great wave of migration which started at the end of the 19th century, they faced their share of discrimination, but they were still considered to be on the "right" side of the color line for purposes of inter-marriage, for example, except for a few pockets in the deep south. The only West Eurasians of whom I'm aware who had to petition to be considered "white" back before the passage of the civil rights laws were the Lebanese. The fact that they were Christians and didn't look SSA admixed got them over the line. There was no Muslim migration so that was never tested.
Of course, everything has changed now. If you're not visibly SSA admixed, you still have "white privilege".