Any information about Y-DNA subclade G2a5 (origin/distribution)?

[Alexandros]

While browsing through my 23andme distant DNA relatives (as well as DNA relatives of friends who have taken the test) I have noticed that Haplogroup G2a5 is very common among Cypriots. Actually around 15% of 35 Cypriot individuals were G2a5. I found this extremely interesting as from what I have read this is a very rare subclade of G2a. The only information I could find online is that this subclade is characterized by mutation L293+ and that it had been found in very low frequencies in the Iberian peninsula and among a few Italians. I am specifically interested about the origin of this subclade in Cyprus, as it appears to be the major G2a haplogroup here. One possibility could be the very early farmers that arrived in Cyprus from the Levant/Anatolia 10,000 years ago introduced this subclade in the Cypriot population, or alternatively a more recent origin from the Mamluks (Adyghe origin people with very high frequencies of G2a) who have invaded Cyprus repeatedly during the 15th century AD. I find the latter somewhat unlikely however, as from what I know, G2a5 is not present among the Adygei people or other people with such ancestry.

[Sile]

While browsing through my 23andme distant DNA relatives (as well as DNA relatives of friends who have taken the test) I have noticed that Haplogroup G2a5 is very common among Cypriots. Actually around 15% of 35 Cypriot individuals were G2a5. I found this extremely interesting as from what I have read this is a very rare subclade of G2a. The only information I could find online is that this subclade is characterized by mutation L293+ and that it had been found in very low frequencies in the Iberian peninsula and among a few Italians. I am specifically interested about the origin of this subclade in Cyprus, as it appears to be the major G2a haplogroup here. One possibility could be the very early farmers that arrived in Cyprus from the Levant/Anatolia 10,000 years ago introduced this subclade in the Cypriot population, or alternatively a more recent origin from the Mamluks (Adyghe origin people with very high frequencies of G2a) who have invaded Cyprus repeatedly during the 15th century AD. I find the latter somewhat unlikely however, as from what I know, G2a5 is not present among the Adygei people or other people with such ancestry.

If this is the issue with the surname Maranas, then its been written about. its been discovered it was Friulian from the word Maran which means town square. The number of Friulian people that went overseas under the venetian empire is minimal, unless he was of some rank.

[Alexandros]

Just to answer back on my self.. After reading the paper from Elhaik (2012) (doi:10.1093/gbe/evs119), where Cypriots turn out to be the non-Caucasus nation with the highest Caucasian admixture (31%), it is pretty clear that this is in fact reflected by the G2a5 Y-DNA haplogroup found so frequently among them. Due to the fact that ALL Cypriots tested in that paper have an equally high level of Cuacasus admixture (which I also confirmed by running my and other Cypriots' autosomal data on the DIY Dodecaed k12b calculator), we can conclude that this is a very ancient admixture (probably Chalcolithic or even before) and has nothing to do with relatively recent migrations.

[adamo]

Interesting study on lineages in Italy. It would seem that in northwestern Italy (Valle d'Aosta,Piemonte,Liguria,lombardia) the most frequent male subclade is R1b-u152 with it or one of it's subclades (L2.L20) affecting 35% of males in the region. The next most frequent was R1b P-312 at 12-13% of lineages. The next is E-V13 at 9.5% of lineages followed by G2a at 8%. Other lines as I1, I2a2 and J2a come in at only 3-4%. R1b M-269* is found at 4% and R1b L-21 at 2%. U106 is about as frequent as R1a1a (2%). In northeastern Italy though (Veneto, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Trentino alto Adige) the most frequent subclade is R1b-u152 at 20% of the males. Next are E-V13 and J2a which both affect 11% of lineages in the region each. I1 affects about 10% of men in this region as well. Another odd 8% belong to haplogroup L. R1b-M269 and G2a linger behind with 7% of men belonging to both in the area. Only 1.5% of men here belong to R1b-u106, 5-6% belong to P312 and 0% belong to R-L21. This indicates to l that other than R1b u152's presence, the vacuum hole isn't filled here by Germanic or Irish type R1b subclades, it's filled in by a bizarre mix of inflated Greek E-V13! Middle eastern j2a and Scandinavian I1 lineages with a bizarre L high as well. In the Emilia-Romagna region of north-central Italy, 31% of men are R1b-u152, 10% are R1b-L21, 10% are I1 , and 9% are G2a. Another 7% each are found for R1b P-312, R1b-M269, E-V13 and oddly J1e. R1b u-152 is still dominant in Emilia Romagna but the Irish R1b subclade, Scandinavian I1 and Neolithic G2a also have strong regional presence. It seems I1 frequencies are inflated in northeastern Italy and in the Emilia Romagna plateau region. In Tuscany, the most present lineage is R1b u-152 at 38% of men. The next most frequent lineage is R1b M-269 at 7%, both J2a and G2a have 6% each, E-V13 has 5% and R1a1a has 5%. P-312 is found at 5% and the Germanic R1b-u106 is found in a national high of 3% of males. In central Italy (northern Lazio, , Umbria, Marche) the most frequent subclade is R1b u-152 at 20% of the males. G2a here affects an impressive 14% of the men and J2a affects another 13% of men. r1b P312 is found at 8% here and R1b-m269 along with E-V13 have 6-7% each. In southern Italy (southern Lazio, Molise, Campania, Apulia, Calabria,Basilicata,Abruzzo) the biggest lineage is G2a with 16% of men belonging to the P15 branch of g (G2a). Another 11% belong to E-V13. 8% are R1b M-269 and another 8% are R1b u152, an extreme low in the south with a R1b M269 promotion to about 10% of men in the south. J2a only affects 7% of lineages here. On the island of Sicily, it was discovered the most frequent subclades were J2a and g2a both affecting 11% of the men on the island. Another 9-10% are R1b M-269. About 7% of them are E-V13 and R1b-u152. Another 5% are R1a1a.

[adamo]

Taken altogether, in the northwest, about 55% of men are R1b, 3% are R1a, 1% are T, 0% are L, 8% are J2, 2% are J1, 3% are I1, 5% are I2, 8% are G, 2% are F, and 12% are E3b.

[adamo]

The north east has 38% R1b, 0% R1a, 3% T, 8% L, 14% J2, 1% J1, 1% I2, 11% I1, 7% G, 1% F, and 15% E3b.

[adamo]

Emilia-Romagna has 58.5% R1b, 0% T, 0% R1a, 0% L, 3-4% J2, 7% J1, 10% I1, 10% G, and 10-11% E3b.

[adamo]

In Tuscany, 52% of men are R1b, 5% are R1a, 3% are T, 0% are L, 8% are J2, 3% are J1, 1% are I2, 4-5% are I1, 6-7% are G, 2% are F and 10% are E3b.

[adamo]

In central Italy, R1b is found in 35-37% of men. R1a is found at 4%, L at 1%, T at 0%, J2 at 25%, J1 at 4%, I2 at 1%, I1 at 1%, G at 15%, F at 0% and E3b at 10-11% of men.

[adamo]

In southern Italy, R1b is found at 25%, R1a is found at 4%, T is found at 5%, L at 2-3%, J2 at 17%, J1 at 4%, I2 at 3-4%, I1 at 3-4%, 17% G, 0% F and 17% E3b.

[adamo]

Sicily has about 25-30% R1b, 2% T, 0% L, 6% R1a, 19% J2, 7% J1, 3% I2, 1% I1, 11% G, 0% F, 17-18% E3b.

[adamo]

Northwestern Italy: R1b (55%), E3b (12%), J2 (8%), G2 (8%)
Northeastern Italy: R1b (35-38%), E3b (15%), J2 (14%), I1 (11%), L (8%)
Emilia-Romagna: R1b (60%), E3b (11%), I1 (10%), J1 (7%)
Tuscany: R1b (52%), E3b (10%), G (6-7%), I1 (5%), R1a (5%)
Central Italy: R1b (37%), J2 (25%), G (15%), E3b (10%)
Southern Italy: R1b (25%), J2 (17%), G (17%), E3b (17%),
Sicily: R1b (31%), J2 (20%), E3b (18%), G (10%), J1 (7%)

[adamo]

The world's highest frequencies for G seem to be found in Georgia (30%) and Azerbaijan (20%) on a national level. Turkey and Armenia for example have 10-15%. So e of he most basal forms of G (G1) can be found in Armenia but in particular Iran.

[adamo]

The G mutation took place after F; probably somewhere near Iran/iraq before migrating largely towards the Caucasus; this is probably were the G2a mutation took place before propelling itself into southeastern Mediterranean Europe via Anatolia. A brother group of G is hg H; it too would take place after the F mutation(F is said to have originated in southern Iraq perhaps) before migrating towards the south-central Indian peninsula en masse. Today about one third of Dravidians belong to H and it is a frequent and distinctly Indian lineage. Across much of south-central India it can be found at 25-35%.

[adamo]

Whereas L for example would took place after the K mutation (central Iran) , today L is most frequent for example, in the Kalash people of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province Pakistan (25%), 10% of Tajik and Chechen men, Pakistan's Burusho have 12%, about 5-15% of Indian males are L in total but there are particular ethnic groups that have very high levels within their isolated villages. Pakistan though has 10-15% across the entire country with 20-25% pockets/regions; thus being the nation with the world's highest L frequencies. H on the other hand would take place directly after F, moving from the agricultural Middle East proper directly towards the Indian subcontinent without acquiring the K mutation.