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This group of individuals also descended from a woman in the R branch of the mtdna tree. The divergent genetic lineage that constitutes haplogroup J indicates that she lived sometime around 40,000 years ago. Haplogroup J has a very wide distribution, and is present as Far East as the Indus Valley bordering India and Pakistan, and as far south as the Arabian peninsula. It is also common in eastern and Northern Europe. Although this haplogroup was present during the early and middle Upper Paleolithic, J is largely considered one of the main female genetic signatures of the agriculturalist Neolithic expansions. While groups of hunter-gatherers and subsistence fishermen had been occupying much of Eurasia for tens of thousands of years, around 10,000 years ago a group of modern humans living in the Fertile Crescent (present day eastern turkey and northern Syria) began domesticating the plants, nuts and seeds they had been collecting. What resulted were the world's first agriculturalists, and this new cultural era is typically referred to as the Neolithic. Groups of individuals able to support larger populations with this reliable food source began migrating out of the Middle East, bringing their new technology with them. By then, humans had already settled much of the surrounding areas, but this new agricultural technology proved to be too successful to ignore, and the surrounding groups quickly copied these new immigrants agriculture was quickly and widely adopted, but the lineages carried by these Neolithic expansions are found today at low frequencies. Haplogroup J, of course, has greater diversity in the Middle East than in Europe, indicating a homeland for J's most recent common ancestor somewhere near the Levant. It reaches it's highest frequency in Arabia, comprising about 25% of Bedouin and Yemeni female lineages. But genetic evidence indicates that the higher incidence is more reflective of low population sizes or the occurrence of a founder event, rather than this region being the actual geographic origin point of J.