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Persian numerals
Numeral Transliteration (Persian) فارسى ۰ sef صفر 0 ۱ yek یک 1 ۲ do دو 2 ۳ seh سه 3 ۴ chahaar چهار 4 ۵ panj پنج 5 ۶ shesh شش 6 ۷ haft هفت 7 ۸ hasht هشت 8 ۹ noh نه 9 ۱۰ dah ده 10
Polish
1 – jeden
2 – dwa
3 – trzy
4 – cztery
5 – pięć
6 – sześć
7 – siedem
8 - osiem
9 – dziewięć
10 – dziesięć
I can see similarities in 1,4,5,6 and 2 starts with same letter
Lithuanian
10 – dešimt
1 – vienas
2 – du
3 – trys
4 – keturi
5 – penki
6 – šeši
7 – septyni
8 – aštuoni
9 – devyni
Possible cognate with english "dance" - to move to the music?
Persian | Pronunciation | English |
---|---|---|
سفید | sefid | white |
سیاه | siyâh | black |
مشکی | meški | black |
خاکستری | xâkestari | gray |
توسی | tusi | dark gray |
نقره ای | noqrei | silver |
آبی | âbi | blue |
بنفش | banafš | violet |
سبز | sabz | green |
قرمز | qermez | red |
سرخ | sorx | red hot |
صورتی | surati | pink |
قهوه ای | qahvei | brown |
زرد | zard | yellow |
طلایی | talâyi | gold |
لیمویی | limuyi | lemon |
نارنجی | nârenji | orange |
black | juoda |
blue | mėlyna |
brown | ruda |
gray | pilka |
green | žalia |
orange | apelsinas |
purple | violetinė |
red | raudona |
white | balta |
yellow | geltona |
Colors:
Persian Pronunciation English سفید sefid white سیاه siyâh black مشکی meški black خاکستری xâkestari gray توسی tusi dark gray نقره ای noqrei silver آبی âbi blue بنفش banafš violet سبز sabz green قرمز qermez red سرخ sorx red hot صورتی surati pink قهوه ای qahvei brown زرد zard yellow طلایی talâyi gold لیمویی limuyi lemon نارنجی nârenji orange
Any cognates with European languages?
Perhaps a bit with Polish:
Gray - Szary (shari)
Yellow - żółty, Croatian- žut
Lithuanian
black juoda blue mėlyna brown ruda gray pilka green žalia orange apelsinas purple violetinė red raudona white balta yellow geltona
Kurdish | English |
spî ; beyaz | white |
resh | black |
siyah | black |
gewr | grey |
zîv ; zîm | silver |
shîn | blue |
binefshî | violet |
kesk | green |
sor | red |
pembe | pink |
esmer | brown |
zer(d) | yellow |
zêr | gold |
narinc | orange |
lîmonî | lemon |
In Slavic white is "byali" (phoneticaly).
Kurdish English spî ; beyaz white resh black siyah black gewr grey zîv ; zîm silver shîn blue binefshî violet kesk green sor red pembe pink esmer brown zer(d) yellow zêr gold narinc orange lîmonî lemon
In Slavic white is "byali" (phoneticaly).
Possible cognates with gold and yellow.
Turkish | English |
beyaz (loanword) | white |
siyah (Iranic loanword) | black |
karra(Arabic loan) | black/dark |
boz | grey |
gümüsh | silver |
mavi (arabic loanword) | blue |
menekshe ( turkified version of Iranic benefshe) | violet |
yeshil | green |
kirmizi (arabic loanword) | red |
pembe (Iranic loanword) | pink |
Kahve rengi (Kahve arabic and renk Iranic loanword) | brown |
sari | yellow |
altin | gold |
turuncu (Iranic loan) | orange |
lîmon | lemon |
In this case we might want to compare to Kurdish and not Persian/Iranian.Irony is that the Turkish state was promoting (and some circles still do) the Kurdish language as some sort of Persian/Turkish mix because they tended to claim that those words shared between Kurdish and Turkish are loans into Kurdish while in reality it's the opposite. Out of these three tongues Kurdish is the least foreign influenced language. In fact with an up to 90% of own vocabulary Kurdish is one of the purest, if not purest ( no exxageration here) Iranic tongues still alive. Persian for examples has a vocabulary of ~30% loans, while in Turkish it's up to 60%.
Number | Singular | Plural | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case | NOM. | OBL | NOM. | OBL. | ||||
normal | suffix | normal | suffix | normal | suffix | normal | suffix | |
1st | Ez | -(i)m | Min | -(i)m | Em | -(i)n | (ê)Me | -man/(i)n |
2nd | Tu | -î | Te | (i)t/u | Hun | (i)n | (ê)We | -tan/u |
3rd | Ew | -e | Wê (FEM.) Wî (MASC.) | î/y | Ew | (i)n | (e)Wan | -yan |
Case | singular | plural | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st - I | 2nd - you sg | 3rd - (it) | 1st - we | 2nd - you pl | 3rd - they | ||||
m - he | f - she | n - it | m personal | other | |||||
Nom, Voc | ja | ty | on | ona | ono | my | wy | oni | one |
Gen | mnie | ciebie/cię | jego/go/ niego | jej | jego/go | nas | was | ich/nich | |
Dat | mnie/mi | tobie/ci | jemu/mu/ niemu | jej | jemu/mu/ niemu | nam | wam | im | |
Acc | mnie/mię | ciebie/cię | jego/go/ niego | ją | je/nie | nas | was | ich/nich | je/nie |
Inst | mną | tobą | nim | nią | nim | nami | wami | nimi | |
Loc | mnie | tobie | nim | niej | nim | nas | was | nich |
I | Aš |
you | tu/jūs |
he | jis |
she | ji |
we | mes |
they | jie/jos |
me | man |
you | jums |
him | jį/jam/juo |
her | ją/jai/ja |
us | mus/mums |
them | jų/juos/jiems/joms |
In this case we might want to compare to Kurdish and not Persian/Iranian.
Kurdish pronouns, I'm not sure what phonetics they used here and if W is pronounced like in english or is it V?
Number Singular Plural Case NOM. OBL NOM. OBL. normal suffix normal suffix normal suffix normal suffix 1st Ez -(i)m Min -(i)m Em -(i)n (ê)Me -man/(i)n 2nd Tu -î Te (i)t/u Hun (i)n (ê)We -tan/u 3rd Ew -e Wê (FEM.)
Wî (MASC.)î/y Ew (i)n (e)Wan -yan
Polish:
Case singular plural 1st - I 2nd - you sg 3rd - (it) 1st - we 2nd - you pl 3rd - they m - he f - she n - it m personal other Nom, Voc ja ty on ona ono my wy oni one Gen mnie ciebie/cię jego/go/
niegojej jego/go nas was ich/nich Dat mnie/mi tobie/ci jemu/mu/
niemujej jemu/mu/
niemunam wam im Acc mnie/mię ciebie/cię jego/go/
niegoją je/nie nas was ich/nich je/nie Inst mną tobą nim nią nim nami wami nimi Loc mnie tobie nim niej nim nas was nich
Latin:
- I - Ego
- You - Tu
- He/She/It - Is/Ea/Id
- We - Nos
- You - Vos
- They - Ei
Lithuanian:
I Aš you tu/jūs he jis she ji we mes they jie/jos me man you jums him jį/jam/juo her ją/jai/ja us mus/mums them jų/juos/jiems/joms
I see the most similarities in pronouns. I think they evolve the slowest of all the words.
In this case we might want to compare to Kurdish and not Persian/Iranian.
Kurdish pronouns, I'm not sure what phonetics they used here and if W is pronounced like in english or is it V?
Number Singular Plural Case NOM. OBL NOM. OBL. normal suffix normal suffix normal suffix normal suffix 1st Ez -(i)m Min -(i)m Em -(i)n (ê)Me -man/(i)n 2nd Tu -î Te (i)t/u Hun (i)n (ê)We -tan/u 3rd Ew -e Wê (FEM.)
Wî (MASC.)î/y Ew (i)n (e)Wan -yan
Polish:
Case singular plural 1st - I 2nd - you sg 3rd - (it) 1st - we 2nd - you pl 3rd - they m - he f - she n - it m personal other Nom, Voc ja ty on ona ono my wy oni one Gen mnie ciebie/cię jego/go/
niegojej jego/go nas was ich/nich Dat mnie/mi tobie/ci jemu/mu/
niemujej jemu/mu/
niemunam wam im Acc mnie/mię ciebie/cię jego/go/
niegoją je/nie nas was ich/nich je/nie Inst mną tobą nim nią nim nami wami nimi Loc mnie tobie nim niej nim nas was nich
Latin:
- I - Ego
- You - Tu
- He/She/It - Is/Ea/Id
- We - Nos
- You - Vos
- They - Ei
Lithuanian:
I Aš you tu/jūs he jis she ji we mes they jie/jos me man you jums him jį/jam/juo her ją/jai/ja us mus/mums them jų/juos/jiems/joms
I see the most similarities in pronouns. I think they evolve the slowest of all the words.
English | Lithuanian | Kurdish |
we | mes | me/ma/ema |
me | man | min |
you | tu | tu |
I | As (I think pronounced as Az) | Ez |
I heard few times that Lithuanian is closest to Indo-Iranian from all European languages.interesting similarities to Lithuanian.
unfortunately I didn't quite understand the chart with the Polish examples.
I heard few times that Lithuanian is closest to Indo-Iranian from all European languages.
I - ja (ya)
you - ty
he, she, it - on, ona, ono
we-my
you-wy
they-oni
Lithuanian is considered as an archaic language in form - and as it is a 'satem' one close enough to indo-iranic and the less changed it is possible that this affirmation comes from this fact?:w
this old familial link explains why this thread is so full of traps we have to distinguish between PIE cognates and more recent loans
ALAN
the satem languages have by the fact very often the evolution *G to >> Z or ZH and *K to >> S or TCH or TS so...it is a common trait to satem
have you some examples of iranic(s)baltic(s) similar words, illustrating cognates vs loans?
thanks beforehand
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