Echetlaeus
Hero of Marathon
To my understanding most civilisations highly valued men with beard (except maybe the period of Alexander, where they had to shave for practical, war, reasons).
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Why did Romans shave?
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Angela
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[h=4]From Wiki...Ancient Rome[/h] Shaving seems to have not been known to the Romans during their early history (under the Kings of Rome and the early Republic). Pliny tells us that P. Ticinius was the first who brought a barber to Rome, which was in the 454th year from the founding of the city (that is, around 299 BC). Scipio Africanus was apparently the first among the Romans who shaved his beard. However, after that point, shaving seems to have caught on very quickly, and soon almost all Roman men were clean-shaven; being clean-shaven became a sign of being Roman and not Greek. Only in the later times of the Republic did the Roman youth begin shaving their beards only partially, trimming it into an ornamental form; prepubescent boys oiled their chins in hopes of forcing premature growth of a beard.[22]
Still, beards remained rare among the Romans throughout the Late Republic and the early Principate. In a general way, in Rome at this time, a long beard was considered a mark of slovenliness and squalor. The censors L. Veturius and P. Licinius compelled M. Livius, who had been banished, on his restoration to the city, to be shaved, and to lay aside his dirty appearance, and then, but not until then, to come into the Senate.[23] The first occasion of shaving was regarded as the beginning of manhood, and the day on which this took place was celebrated as a festival.[24] Usually, this was done when the young Roman assumed the toga virilis. Augustus did it in his twenty-fourth year, Caligula in his twentieth. The hair cut off on such occasions was consecrated to a god. Thus Nero put his into a golden box set with pearls, and dedicated it to Jupiter Capitolinus.[25] The Romans, unlike the Greeks, let their beards grow in time of mourning; so did Augustus for the death of Julius Caesar.[26] Other occasions of mourning on which the beard was allowed to grow were, appearance as a reus, condemnation, or some public calamity. On the other hand, men of the country areas around Rome in the time of Varro seem not to have shaved except when they came to market every eighth day, so that their usual appearance was most likely a short stubble.[27]
In the second century AD the Emperor Hadrian, according to Dion Cassius, was the first of all the Caesars to grow a beard; Plutarch says that he did it to hide scars on his face. This was a period in Rome of widespread imitation of Greek culture, and many other men grew beards in imitation of Hadrian and the Greek fashion. Until the time of Constantine the Great the emperors appear in busts and coins with beards; but Constantine and his successors until the reign of Phocas, with the exception of Julian the Apostate, are represented as beardless.
Still, beards remained rare among the Romans throughout the Late Republic and the early Principate. In a general way, in Rome at this time, a long beard was considered a mark of slovenliness and squalor. The censors L. Veturius and P. Licinius compelled M. Livius, who had been banished, on his restoration to the city, to be shaved, and to lay aside his dirty appearance, and then, but not until then, to come into the Senate.[23] The first occasion of shaving was regarded as the beginning of manhood, and the day on which this took place was celebrated as a festival.[24] Usually, this was done when the young Roman assumed the toga virilis. Augustus did it in his twenty-fourth year, Caligula in his twentieth. The hair cut off on such occasions was consecrated to a god. Thus Nero put his into a golden box set with pearls, and dedicated it to Jupiter Capitolinus.[25] The Romans, unlike the Greeks, let their beards grow in time of mourning; so did Augustus for the death of Julius Caesar.[26] Other occasions of mourning on which the beard was allowed to grow were, appearance as a reus, condemnation, or some public calamity. On the other hand, men of the country areas around Rome in the time of Varro seem not to have shaved except when they came to market every eighth day, so that their usual appearance was most likely a short stubble.[27]
In the second century AD the Emperor Hadrian, according to Dion Cassius, was the first of all the Caesars to grow a beard; Plutarch says that he did it to hide scars on his face. This was a period in Rome of widespread imitation of Greek culture, and many other men grew beards in imitation of Hadrian and the Greek fashion. Until the time of Constantine the Great the emperors appear in busts and coins with beards; but Constantine and his successors until the reign of Phocas, with the exception of Julian the Apostate, are represented as beardless.
Aberdeen
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I can understand the idea of Romans shaving as a sociologic phenomenon, especially if it was also an issue of class distinction - I'd question whether slaves or dirt farmers shaved regularly. I think it's much more of a mystery as to how upper class Romans were persuaded to tolerate the toga for so long.
Nobody1
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The practice of Shaving was common since the Bronze-age i.e. Bronze razors of the Urnfield and Hallstatt zones;
http://www.academia.edu/2459391/Razors_and_male_identity_in_the_Bronze_Age
http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.23...id=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21104249058693
p.4 - Hallstatt razors (top left)
http://www.heimatgilde-frohsinn.de/_downloads/Funde_SachkundeHa.pdf
Hallstatt razor France (two-edge razor)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rasoir_Acy-Romance.jpg
Germanic (Nordic/Danmark) razors -
http://www.sacred-texts.com/atl/ataw/img/25600.jpg
https://www.beloit.edu/logan_online...exhibitions/before_history/europe/denmark.php
One thing is Hollywood the other actual archaeology;
Bronze razors were known in Italy ever since the Terremare culture and further manifested by the Indo-European Urnfield cultures Villanova/Golasecca/Este; Thus the Romans shaved because they had the technology (like most others);
http://www.academia.edu/2459391/Razors_and_male_identity_in_the_Bronze_Age
http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.23...id=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=21104249058693
p.4 - Hallstatt razors (top left)
http://www.heimatgilde-frohsinn.de/_downloads/Funde_SachkundeHa.pdf
Hallstatt razor France (two-edge razor)
http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rasoir_Acy-Romance.jpg
Germanic (Nordic/Danmark) razors -
http://www.sacred-texts.com/atl/ataw/img/25600.jpg
https://www.beloit.edu/logan_online...exhibitions/before_history/europe/denmark.php
One thing is Hollywood the other actual archaeology;
Bronze razors were known in Italy ever since the Terremare culture and further manifested by the Indo-European Urnfield cultures Villanova/Golasecca/Este; Thus the Romans shaved because they had the technology (like most others);
Echetlaeus
Hero of Marathon
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One thing that always surprised me is how easy and natural it feels for a man to shave, to live without a beard. If man's default is having beard for millions of years, why it feels quite natural to walk around without one. We should really like having a beard.
Perhaps this means that men was shaving for much longer than we think, even with flint stone tools. Perhaps from the times we've been infested with lice, and beard is excellent hiding place for them. Shaving means getting rid of lice on our face, the last place we can tolerate them.
Obviously we lack hard-wiring, in our brain, for or against wearing a beard. We totally lack strong feelings about facial hair. In contract we really like heaving hair on our head, especially women.
Part of explanation might be our learning nature. We are very adaptable species, we have great ability get used to changes in our lives, to the point that after some time the change feels natural.
Angela
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It appears that shaving went in and out of fashion in different cultures at different times.
See...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beard
During the Roman era, this is how the various peoples with whom they came into contact were depicted...
Celtic tribesmen of the Po Valley
A Gallo-British god...Sucellus
The Goths:
The Sarmatians:
Given the hit or miss level of hygiene in ancient cultures depending on the specific culture, wealth, status etc., shaving sounds like a very good idea! Just think what could have been living in some of those beards!
I would agree that the toga is an incomprehensible item of clothing. I had to make one for my son for a school play and he was tripping over it constantly. That's undoubtedly why he was underwhelming in his portrayal of Caesar.
Fashion is often inexplicable, however. Another item of clothing that is torture to wear is a corset. Victorian women's internal organs must have been mangled all out of shape.
See...http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beard
During the Roman era, this is how the various peoples with whom they came into contact were depicted...
Celtic tribesmen of the Po Valley
A Gallo-British god...Sucellus
The Goths:
The Sarmatians:
Given the hit or miss level of hygiene in ancient cultures depending on the specific culture, wealth, status etc., shaving sounds like a very good idea! Just think what could have been living in some of those beards!
I would agree that the toga is an incomprehensible item of clothing. I had to make one for my son for a school play and he was tripping over it constantly. That's undoubtedly why he was underwhelming in his portrayal of Caesar.
Fashion is often inexplicable, however. Another item of clothing that is torture to wear is a corset. Victorian women's internal organs must have been mangled all out of shape.
Echetlaeus
Hero of Marathon
In Ancient Greece it was a sign of manhood. Men without beard were considered women like.
I do not think that it was that difficult to get shaved, even with the simplest sharp tool, so I reckon it must be related to the specific society.
I do not think that it was that difficult to get shaved, even with the simplest sharp tool, so I reckon it must be related to the specific society.
LeBrok
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Tarim Basin people shaved.
Ramzes II shaved, and it is hard to find bearded Egyptians on frescoes.
Pazirik shaved.
so did Minoans.
But Mycenaeans were bearded.
and scythians
Ramzes II shaved, and it is hard to find bearded Egyptians on frescoes.
Pazirik shaved.
so did Minoans.
But Mycenaeans were bearded.
and scythians
oriental
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I think the Greek or Macedonian guy Yetos who doesn't seem to post here anymore mentioned that shaving was a ritual for burial. So Alexander shaved just in case he died in war.