Massive migration from the steppe - extended discussion

[xiaodragon]

It seems that there exist different ideas of where the Continent of Asia starts, and where the continent of Europe ends. In the northern part of the Eurasia , the Ural mountain range has for quite sometime formed the dividing line between Asia and Europe . Therefore , it is very surprising that Fu Qiaomei would list the samples from Ust-Ishim Man , AG sample and Malta boy as European . The positions of them are : Ust -Ishim E.71, Malta E.193, AG both E 92. Could we get agreement where to draw the line that separate Asia and Europe , so the ancient history is not clouded by the shifting line in the sands?

[xiaodragon]

or , I am missing something, that is , Fu Qiaomei 's desicion of listing samples from Ust-Ishim, Malta and Afontova Gora is based on different standard , but not according to its geographical location .

[xiaodragon]

What is the genetic relationship between the Hg R* and Hg R1, and the rest of the down stream lines ? I know they are distinctive from each other . What does exactly 'distinct ly different ' mean ? Is Maltar1 gives rise to all the descendants of R ?
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4326703/
Although K-M526 was previously characterized by a single polytomy of eight major branches, the phylogenetic structure of haplogroup K-M526 is now resolved into four major subclades (K2a–d). The largest of these subclades, K2b, is divided into two clusters: K2b1 and K2b2. K2b1 combines the previously known haplogroups M, S, K-P60 and K-P79, whereas K2b2 comprises haplogroups P and its subhaplogroups Q and R. Interestingly, the monophyletic group formed by haplogroups R and Q, which make up the majority of paternal lineages in Europe, Central Asia and the Americas, represents the only subclade with K2b that is not geographically restricted to Southeast Asia and Oceania. Estimates of the interval times for the branching events between M9 and P295 point to an initial rapid diversification process of K-M526 that likely occurred in Southeast Asia, with subsequent westward expansions of the ancestors of haplogroups R and Q.

[xiaodragon]

Although K-M526 was previously characterized by a single polytomy of eight major branches, the phylogenetic structure of haplogroup K-M526 is now resolved into four major subclades (K2a–d). The largest of these subclades, K2b, is divided into two clusters: K2b1 and K2b2. K2b1 combines the previously known haplogroups M, S, K-P60 and K-P79, whereas K2b2 comprises haplogroups P and its subhaplogroups Q and R. Interestingly, the monophyletic group formed by haplogroups R and Q, which make up the majority of paternal lineages in Europe, Central Asia and the Americas, represents the only subclade with K2b that is not geographically restricted to Southeast Asia and Oceania. Estimates of the interval times for the branching events between M9 and P295 point to an initial rapid diversification process of K-M526 that likely occurred in Southeast Asia, with subsequent westward expansions of the ancestors of haplogroups R and Q.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4326703/

[MaurineVeIvy]

I really want to know the origin of these patterns, it looks kinda celtic, but i would love if the devs told where they got this idea from. I want a tattoo on my arm so i'm looking for some patterns on the internet and this one really caught my eye.

[Bethanyorera]

I really want to know the origin of these patterns, it looks kinda celtic, but i would love if the devs told where they got this idea from. I want a tattoo on my arm so i'm looking for some patterns on the internet and this one really caught my eye.