do you mean places like Los Millares, Zambujal and the like ?
dates are not sharp, but Los Millares I would guess 3100 - 3200 BC and Zambujal even a bit later
these newcomers knew about metallurgy
are there traces of metallurgy in N. Africa ?
you say 2 people , tallish brachy and Mesocephalic are more steppe-like and what traits have proto Berber?
Bell Beaker appears only few centuries after metallurgy and fortified places
Hi Its a bit confusing how you put it.
a. Los millares, la conception, San blas, la pijotilla, Perdigoes, Porto torrão... and a couple centuries later Zambujal, Vnsp, leceia. But it does not matter. its just an explosion of settlements, some huge, huge, at a point populations are vanishing from north Africa... its a no brainer.
b. Mostly they did know how to make long blades. and also brought "tanged" arrows, since later copper Bell beakers daggers were "tanged".... and lots of lots of new traits. And yes. There are smelting of copper in early Zambujal. Lousy copper, but copper. but if you need something that works and is hard, them use Ampholite rock that they imported a lot from central Iberia. so copper was too poor to have any usage.
c. Also they brought a lot of Ivory from Africa. which later you would find as an elite V perforated buttons on bell beaker burials. and lots and lots of more stuff from Africa.
d . Overall there were too many different phenotypes. In Carenque you find skeletons and crania that were Hyper-Doly to Hyper Barchy. and some were small like Muge people and Hyper-Doly and others where bigger and extreme round-headsand taller (specially women) .
But most were Mediterraneans looking people like Capsians in N. Africa or late neolithic Iberians. we know they came from N. Africa mainly because some strontium does say so (they were actually born there!) and Nom metric Dental traits puts for instance Perdigoes populations (albeit the high Diversity) as "Europoid" but bordering North African... so. Makes sense.
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