Alpenjager
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Gene pool of Turkmens from Karakalpakstan in their Central Asian context (Y-chromosome polymorphism)
R.A. Skhalyakho et al.
Turkmens represent one of the least studied population of Central Asia due to lack of international scientific integration of Turkmenistan into the gene pool studies. Preserving in Turkmens the memory of thetribal affiliation allows the parallel study of tribal structure and Y-chromosome which are both transmitted along the paternal line.The panel of Y-chromosome markers highly informative for genetic studies (41 SNP and 17 STR markers)has been used for the study of the gene pool of the northern Turkmen population – Turkmens in Karakalpakstan(N=83). Sample of Turkmens from Xojeyli and Shumanay districts of Karakalpakstan included mainly (88%)one of the largest Turkmen’ tribe (Yomud) and only a few representatives of other clans (Gochak, Oliz, Uker,Yagly). Among 12 identified haplogroups the major haplogroup Q composed three-quarters of the gene pool.The remaining quarter of the gene pool consisted of haplogroups H, R1b, R1a, and G2a(with frequenciesfrom 4 to 7 per cent) and variants of haplogroups C2, J1, J2a, N1*, N1c met in 1-2 individuals each. Pronounced similarity of gene pools of the Turkmens in Central Asia - Karakalpakstan, Iran and Afghanistan – has allowed to hypothesize that haplogroup Q is typical for the gene pool of the Turkmen ethnic group as a whole.The genetic distance between the gene pools of Turkmens and other Central Asian populations showed no appreciable effects on the gene pool of the Turkmen in Karakalpakstan by its geographical neighbors – Uzbeks, Dungans, and Karakalpaks. Analysis of Y-chromosome haplogroup Q fast mutating STR markershas also confirmed this conclusion. The estimated date of STR cluster of Turkmens in Karakalpakstan onhaplogroup Q phylogenetic network was 900±300 years (date by ASD method was 1090±430).
R.A. Skhalyakho et al.
Turkmens represent one of the least studied population of Central Asia due to lack of international scientific integration of Turkmenistan into the gene pool studies. Preserving in Turkmens the memory of thetribal affiliation allows the parallel study of tribal structure and Y-chromosome which are both transmitted along the paternal line.The panel of Y-chromosome markers highly informative for genetic studies (41 SNP and 17 STR markers)has been used for the study of the gene pool of the northern Turkmen population – Turkmens in Karakalpakstan(N=83). Sample of Turkmens from Xojeyli and Shumanay districts of Karakalpakstan included mainly (88%)one of the largest Turkmen’ tribe (Yomud) and only a few representatives of other clans (Gochak, Oliz, Uker,Yagly). Among 12 identified haplogroups the major haplogroup Q composed three-quarters of the gene pool.The remaining quarter of the gene pool consisted of haplogroups H, R1b, R1a, and G2a(with frequenciesfrom 4 to 7 per cent) and variants of haplogroups C2, J1, J2a, N1*, N1c met in 1-2 individuals each. Pronounced similarity of gene pools of the Turkmens in Central Asia - Karakalpakstan, Iran and Afghanistan – has allowed to hypothesize that haplogroup Q is typical for the gene pool of the Turkmen ethnic group as a whole.The genetic distance between the gene pools of Turkmens and other Central Asian populations showed no appreciable effects on the gene pool of the Turkmen in Karakalpakstan by its geographical neighbors – Uzbeks, Dungans, and Karakalpaks. Analysis of Y-chromosome haplogroup Q fast mutating STR markershas also confirmed this conclusion. The estimated date of STR cluster of Turkmens in Karakalpakstan onhaplogroup Q phylogenetic network was 900±300 years (date by ASD method was 1090±430).