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An important point to keep in mind is not to take the ancestry proportions in Eurogenes K36 too literally. If you're, say, English, and you get an Iberian score of 12% this doesn't actually mean you have recent ancestry from Spain or Portugal. What it means is that 12% of your alleles look typical of the reference samples classified as Iberian, and this figure might only indicate recent Iberian admixture if it's clearly higher than those of other English users. But it calculates deep root similarities more than real recent ancestry.
The second interesting aspect of the genomic sequencing is that the remains did not show any evidence of admixture with European, Native American nor African individuals. More than 97% of their genome fits exactly with the Polynesian motifs. In other words, they appear to be first generation Polynesians. They carry Polynesian mitochondrial, Y and autosomal (nuclear) DNA, exclusively.
Recent DNA has shown trading based out of Polynesia extended as far as South America and the Caribbean, but there have been questions to the exact timing. European traders are often thought to have led the spread of commerce across the globe, enabled by early Spanish and British explorers—but the actual story may be a bit more complex.
I am Polynesian however score some Native American. What does this mean?
Polynesians from Easter Island and natives of South America met and mingled long before Europeans voyaged the Pacific. One study by Erik Thorsby suggests Native Americans likely arrived on Easter Island shortly after Polynesians. Other scientists’ state Pacific currents and Polynesian mastery of the waves make it more likely that the Polynesians were the voyagers. They may have sailed to South America, swapped goods for sweet potatoes and other items—and returned to their island with South American women. It is possible those Polynesians on Easter Island traveled back west to trade with east Polynesian countries. As you can see there are many possibilities.
You may have had a Native American ancestor, but unless you score a good chunk of it on an autosomal test, it will be hard to confirm. The study by Thorsby stated that in the 27 living Easter Islanders who were tested, there was around 8% Native American in their genomes.
Paleo Eskimo Q1a | Q-Z780 | |||
F999906 | F999919 | Clovis-Anzick-1 | ||
Greenland | 4kya | N America, Montana | 12.5kya | |
Run time | 14.29 | Run time | 18.2 | |
S-Indian | 1.1 | S-Indian | - | |
Baloch | 2.66 | Baloch | 0.49 | |
Caucasian | - | Caucasian | - | |
NE-Euro | 7.4 | NE-Euro | 1.51 | |
SE-Asian | 0.48 | SE-Asian | 1.05 | |
Siberian | 26.12 | Siberian | 1.17 | |
NE-Asian | 12.11 | NE-Asian | 0.18 | |
Papuan | - | Papuan | 0.23 | |
American | 1.38 | American | 88.41 | |
Beringian | 40.04 | Beringian | 5.25 | |
Mediterranean | 1.33 | Mediterranean | 0.68 | |
SW-Asian | 0.42 | SW-Asian | - | |
San | - | San | 0.17 | |
E-African | 0.33 | E-African | - | |
Pygmy | - | Pygmy | 0.09 | |
W-African | 6.62 | W-African | 0.76 |
Some explanations from Davidski regarding admixtures in Eurogenes K36:
So I wonder why is Kennewick Man scoring European & African admixtures?
What could the results possibly mean, they must mean something other than what they show because........muhhh racism. Kennewich was a watered down Solutrean, well not exactly since his Y-haplotype was obviously Siberian, but he had a Solutrean mgh. He was relic population, a transition after the Clovis were defeated by the Siberians, an intermediate population who defeated the Clovis but in turn were defeated by purer Amerindians. A mirror to the events that occurred in the Central Asia, Turks replacing the Scythians, and the Mongols replacing the Turks.
No haplogroup X has been found in the many pre-Neolithic European mtDNA samples, which makes the probability that the X2a in Kennewick Man came from the Solutreans slim to none.
No haplogroup X has been found in the many pre-Neolithic European mtDNA samples
You're talking nonsense.
Kennewick Man is "scoring European & African admixtures" because the results posted by Tomenable are crap.
No haplogroup X has been found in the many pre-Neolithic European mtDNA samples, which makes the probability that the X2a in Kennewick Man came from the Solutreans slim to none.
It's infuriating to me, two years after my discovery of genuine European admixture in a 6,000-year-old American sample, and a month after I showed that admixture to come from pre-LGM or Solutrean Europeans, that instead of people spreading the news of my discovery, the most important ancient DNA discovery that has ever been made, we have people like yourself still going on about Kennewick Man, two years after analysis of his DNA showed him to be a run-of-the-mill Amerindian.
Mind you, that no actual Solutrean samples have been published so far! We have Aurignacian, Gravettian and Magdalenian samples - but no Solutrean.......
But Native American Y-DNA C2b1a1a-P39 could potentially be Solutrean. Pre-Magdalenian Europe was dominated by YDNA haplogroup C, as recent studies (e.g. Fu et al. 2016, "The Genetic History of Ice Age Europe") show.
Hg C2b1a1b-F3985 - closely related to Native American C2b1a1a-P39 - can be found among modern Europeans (samples from Germany, Slovakia, Austria, Czech Rep. and Poland). It might be Solutrean.
Mind you, that no actual Solutrean samples have been published so far! We have Aurignacian, Gravettian and Magdalenian samples - but no Solutrean.
I think most people assume that this chunk of alleles is shared ancestry among European and Siberians, probably having to do with MA-1 or Afontova Gora
Then "most people" are wrong.
If the Chinchorro sample just had the Mal'ta-related DNA found in all Amerindians, then:
- It would be located around pure Amerindians in PCA plots. It isn't. Instead it's shifted far away from them, in the direction of Caucasoids, and more specifically, Europeans.
- It would be modeled as only having ancestry from pure Amerindians in qpAdm analyses. It isn't. Instead it's modeled as having around 45% ancestry from various Caucasoid, including European, populations.
- It would only have Amerindian components in admixture analyses. It doesn't. Instead, 30–40% of its DNA is made up of non-Amerindian, mostly Caucasoid components.
In my high-resolution K = 9 and K = 13 admixture analyses, the Chinchorro sample has a significant amount of the light blue component, which is completely absent in the Mal'ta and Afontova Gora samples, which means that the European admixture can't possibly be from those Siberian populations, or from any genetically similar population. The light blue component is, however, found in the pre-LGM European samples.
In my high-resolution K = 13 analysis, the medium blue component is completely absent in the Chinchorro sample. The Mal'ta and Afontova Gora samples are made up mostly of that component, which again means that the European admixture can't possibly be from those Siberian populations, or from any genetically similar population. Instead of the medium blue component, the Chinchorro sample has a significant amount of the dark blue component. The pre-LGM European samples also have significant amounts of the dark blue component, and an absence of the medium blue component.
There are no Native American oral histories that white Europeans came to America. They are all recent colonialist mistranslations of Native American oral history twisted into modern white American oral histories and myths that they themselves attribute to the NAs, , and their own desperate wishful thinking that they are anything but a common settler to the Americas.I saw this and I didn't quite know what to make of it at the time. I appreciate the breakdown, and I see what you're saying. It's pretty amazing, especially with the legends tied to this sort of thing.
In your high res K-13 there are other Amerindians that show the same admixture, but in smaller amounts. Perhaps these are possibly from post-Columbian admixure?
The component looks like European Neolithic and South Asian, and Chinchorro's have way more than any of the other Native American samples, so the speculation that they were "europeans" or "cacausoids" based on their skulls was large in part correct. But I don't know that we can say that it came from paleo-europeans from across the Atlantic. I suppose if you add in all of the oral history about european looking people, then it surely begs the question.
Among ancient samples Goyet Q376-19 looks to have similar components.
I could buy it, tentatively, but that's just me.
Interesting are Botocudo, clearly Polynesians of late arrival to America and completely unmixed with older population of South America. They must have sailed around the America to the other side.
But the mtDNA of the two botocudos is B4a1a1, typical of recent Polynesians (Gonçalves et al., 2010, 2013). They are from 1479 to 1842 AD, and their autosomes are linked to Polynesia (not New Zeland), especially Easter Island, containing no genetic mixture with Native Americans (Malaspinas et al., 2014).
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