Still need to check Y HG subclades more closely
Some initial thoughts:
Origin of BB in Portugal is interesting and suggests maritime trade origin leading to the mature phenomenon.
This looks to me simply like the first consistent long range trade networks in Europe. This is all we're seeing. I do think that it rests on Horse aided travel and Bronze/copper, which is why it heavily involves steppe cultures.
Origin of BB in Portugal is hard to buy outright though. BBs are so very similar to Corded Wares, and this really needs to be addressed. Even Eneolithic steppe pottery from the Ukraine looks like Bell Beaker (and corded ware obviously). This combined with the clear correlation with Steppe and R1b-P312 in Central and North West Europe makes it hard not to ascribe some sort of overriding significance.
I do enjoy critical thinking, but this hatred and denial of a steppe origin of the modern day Y HGs in West Europe is growing tiresome. The evidence supporting a steppe or NE Europe origin from the mesolithic is pretty darn heavy. It's almost like denying that cigarettes cause lung cancer at this point. But you still can, and I can appreciate that.
We have no R1b-M269 in Iberia immediately preceeding Bell Beaker, then all of a sudden you're loaded with R1b-P312 (among some other clades) in BB graves in Iberia and everywhere else in Europe. Hmm. We did have the M269 in El Trocs, and fine you can stand on that, but C'mon. This is like using the Kura Axes R1b alone to completely deny a steppe lauch point for IE in West Asia.
Below is an Eneolithic Steppe ware (Sredy Stog). Recall that I've always assigned PIE to latter Sredny Stog layers predating Yamnaya by at least 500 years, which also yield the first sample with a Corded Ware Genotype.
Below is typical Yamnaya pot
Below are some Corded Wares
Below are some Bell Beakers - I realize there is some variation, but the images below capture the range pretty well
Below are a couple Cardial Pots
And here are some Iberian Neolithic pots
Now tell me with a straight face that you believe the BB phenomenon had a single and unique origin in Portugal, and that modern day R1b in West Europe came from Neolithic Iberia.
It's possible, but highly unlikely at this juncture.