The Hyksos and Egypt

Angela

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See:
https://www.archaeology.org/issues/309-1809/features/6855-egypt-hyksos-foreign-dynasty#art_page4

Nice coincidence in terms of the Collapse of Civilizations thread. In one sense, these are the people who took advantage of that climate change and the stresses it put upon Egyptian society.


"Tell el-Dab’a proved to be of interest to a young Austrian archaeologist named Manfred Bietak, who started excavating there in 1966. Year after year, he returned to the site, uncovering more and more evidence of a major Egyptian metropolis that had far-ranging connections to the rest of the eastern Mediterranean. He found pottery and weaponry from the Levant and Cyprus, and statues and seals similar to those from what is now Syria. Bietak spent nearly 50 years digging at Tell el-Dab’a, until security problems following the 2011 Arab Spring in Egypt forced the Austrian Archaeological Institute to halt its excavations there."

"
Another group headed by bioarchaeologist Holger Schutkowski, based at the University of Bournemouth in the United Kingdom, plans to begin analyzing human remains from around the region and hopes to create a data set that will show where the people of Avaris came from and whether they migrated during their lifetime. What Bietak has found has convinced him that Tell el-Dab’a was, indeed, Avaris—and that the ancient accounts and generations of Egyptologists alike had it wrong."

"
Rather than a tale of foreign imperialism, Bietak thinks the Hyksos rule was a more homegrown phenomenon, a tale of movement for economic and political reasons that would be familiar today. Immigrants from the Levant, not invaders, briefly elevated fellow immigrants, or perhaps a sympathetic elite from abroad—the Hyksos—to rule over all of Egypt. “The histories say they moved into Egypt by force and were very cruel, and led people away into slavery,” says Bietak. “But it wasn’t an invasion. After our excavations, we have no doubt it was a gradual infiltration.” Furthermore, Bietak believes this was done, at least at first, with the cooperation of the pharaohs."

I hate to break it to these people but that's often how it starts; probably happened in Greece as well, and then there's Rome. It doesn't mean there wasn't violence involved. You have to look at the archaeology, and contemporary reports shouldn't be dismissed out of hand, even if they might have exaggerated.

"
evidence from Avaris and elsewhere suggests that they brought important innovations to the kingdom on the Nile, from the horse and chariot to new gods and an openness to the world. “In many ways, the Hyksos period is a groundbreaking period in Egyptian history,” says Kim Ryholt, an Egyptologist at the University of Copenhagen. “It’s the first time you have foreign people with foreign habits ruling in Egypt.”"

"
“It was a local population hub mainly of people from the Levant,” Bietak says. “It blossomed with the blessing of the pharaohs during the late 12th Dynasty. During the 13th Dynasty [1802–1640 B.C.] it became more and more independent.”
[COLOR=#707070 !important][/COLOR]
[COLOR=#707070 !important]Egyptian reliefs from the period depict these new arrivals as an exotic presence. They have mushroom-shaped hairstyles and wield slings and distinctive duckbill-shaped battleaxes, unlike their lance- and shield-wielding Egyptian counterparts. Nevertheless, evidence from Bietak’s excavations suggests that these immigrants played a central role in shaping the city, including importing pottery styles, ceremonial architecture, dress codes, and non-Egyptian burial customs and religious practices such as interment in the walls of buildings and donkey sacrifices found in tombs and the courtyards of palaces and temples."

Bietak’s analysis of Avaris isn’t without controversy. His careful dating of the site is based on evidence including cylinder seals, architectural styles, pottery, and papyrus scraps. But when researchers tested grass seeds preserved at the site using radiocarbon dating techniques, the results were off by nearly a century—a significant gap, given the relatively short reign of the Hyksos kings. Bietak is convinced the radiocarbon dates are incorrect, whether because of the samples that were used, the influence of geography on the site’s chemistry, or atmospheric changes. “In historical periods, historical-archaeological methods are more reliable tools,” he says. Ryholt says the dating remains an open question, and that not all Egyptologists share Bietak’s confidence. “Since the site is so pivotal, if we have to redate it, palaces we thought were Hyksos may turn out to be pre-Hyksos,” Ryholt says. “There’s still a lot of research to be done, and some of the questions may be difficult to answer. But that doesn’t mean they shouldn’t be asked.”"
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The Hyksos is a story of immigrants who became so many, and who didn't integrate into Egyptian society properly.
They were more loyal to each other than they were to their host country.
It split the country in 2 parts, with a southern Egyptian farao and a northern Hyksos faroa, and it ended in a civil war in which the southern farao became victorious.

That is how this peacefull invasion ended.
 
The Hyksos is a story of immigrants who became so many, and who didn't integrate into Egyptian society properly.
They were more loyal to each other than they were to their host country.
It split the country in 2 parts, with a southern Egyptian farao and a northern Hyksos faroa, and it ended in a civil war in which the southern farao became victorious.
That is how this peacefull invasion ended.

To some extent the same could perhaps be said about Rome as well.

What's that old saying about if you don't know your history you're doomed to repeat it?

Let's hope it's not always true.
 
To some extent the same could perhaps be said about Rome as well.

What's that old saying about if you don't know your history you're doomed to repeat it?

Let's hope it's not always true.

sadly it doesn't only apply to old Rome, but maybe to modern Europe as well
 
sadly it doesn't only apply to old Rome, but maybe to modern Europe as well

The Assyrian policies towards ethnic groups in the region is probably more pertinent, since it was deliberate and strategic - just like today's situation. Don't ever be so stupid to think that virtually all Western nations made the same folly mistake of massively ramping up immigration, all at roughly the same time, without realising the consequences. Any idiot could have seen it coming - Enoch Powell saw it decades ago.

So, then, the question you need to ask is as follows: why did Western governments decide to betray their native citizens? Why enforce such policies that can only lead a nation into worse states? And for the answer, you need only look at quotes from the Western victors after World War 2 (and also at some of the opposing views of assassinated people - Patton, Kennedy etcetera). This isn't something small - it's a plan to shape the world, with unity being its definitive virtue (and the only way to really ensure that is through homogenisation). Western policy, though deliberate and often seemingly wicked (9/11 for example - if you still believe in the official story, check out this website with an open mind, or just watch this video if you want to see the smoking gun), all serves a ultimately good cause - anything is worth world peace. And, by and large, I would agree (that being said, there are things I despair about in this whole conspiracy scenario: the demise of both high culture and moral decency for one).

But yeah, NOT RELATED!
 
Leave it to this guy to quote Enoch Powell approvingly. Way to take this off a cliff. Anyone still doubting this is a racist t-roll?
 
In a way it already happened in Australia and the Americas in recent history. Although under different circumstances and situations
 
Leave it to this guy to quote Enoch Powell approvingly. Way to take this off a cliff. Anyone still doubting this is a racist t-roll?

How am I a *****?

Also, I'll say one thing:

You fundamentally failed to understand what I wrote.

I literally said these changes would ultimately be for the better - read it properly if you want to criticise.

Also, having this worldview is important when, under scrutiny, it appears obvious how many monumental events are nothing more than exploitative lies (another example: Assad gassing his own civilians when he's about to win his civil war). Almost all would fall to a state of anti-Atlanticism, when in reality it's hardly likely that the rulers of the West are like evil supervillains out for personal domination stemming from some primal powerlust. They're more like Ozymandias, from Watchmen (if anyone's seen that movie - still underrated imo).


Don't take that comparison too literally though - I just wanted to show his mindset.

But again...

THIS IS UNRELATED! STOP!!!
 
Seriously, racism and conspiracitis are not the same. Racism is then 2-3 people in one football team believe that they are better than people on other team because they wear green jerseys and not red jerseys. Conspiracitis is then 2-3 people on one football team pass ball only between themselves because they are smarter than other players and know true plans of FIFA
 
The Hyksos, Mycenaeans, and Hittites all show up in the historical/archaeological record about the same time (~1640 BCE), apparently migrating in from other areas. People were on the move, looking for pasturage and water, I presume.

That said, Semites had long been present in the Nile Delta, likely stretching back to Pre-Dynastic times.

https://www.hebrewhistory.info/factpapers/fp010-1_egypt.htm

 
These Hyksos really remind to the Jews and Moshe. They came as migrants to Egypt and had a good position in society. They even reached power. And then they had to flee. And all of this happens around 1800-1400BC, when the Bible dates the presence of the Jews in Egypt
 
The Bronze Age Collapse was very interesting, but there is still a lot of guesswork and we don't have definitive answers about these people or the Sea People and so on... If only they left better records.
 
The Bronze Age Collapse was very interesting, but there is still a lot of guesswork and we don't have definitive answers about these people or the Sea People and so on... If only they left better records.
So their problem was that they did not have the opportunity to leave the necessary mentions about themselves, the technologies were not developed! And if there was an opportunity, imagine how it would be possible to accurately describe the real years of the emergence of their settlements, for example!
 

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