epoch
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Oh ok. Yeah i could not read the Oase paper without register.
David Reich labs has its publications published online. Pretty cool.
https://reich.hms.harvard.edu/publications
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Oh ok. Yeah i could not read the Oase paper without register.
Hm. If both Mal'ta have CHG and Andamanese Iran_Neo, it probably have to do with the hypothetic ASE, Ancient South Eurasian, wich is believe to be the ancestor of ANE. Maybe something coming out of India.
But how can Mal'ta have CHG when it is much, much older than the CHG samples and thus it certainly lacked the particular mix that arose and consolidated in the Caucasus to form the CHG? I think that sounds terribly anachronistic and certainly leads to wrong conclusions. It can only be said that Mal'ta and CHG may have had a part of their genome that represent common ancestral roots (maybe not even implying necessarily a direct relationship, but that they were all influenced by waves of the same ancient population admixtures - though I definitely think ANE-enriched groups contributed to the CHG).
After the failed expedition of the presumably AMH Skhul, the northern Middle East and the Levant seems to have been resettled by pure Neanderthals until their decline after ~45k B.P. . I believe that if the ancestors of modern humans had spent much time in the Middle East living more or less side by side with Neanderthals we would see inflated Neanderthal signals especially among West Eurasians, as is the case with the Romanian Oase guy. Remote areas like southern Arabia would be an exception of course.
Alternative explanations like social segregation etc. could be invoked, but I believe archaics and AMH interbred quite readily when they met, hence we observe multiple introgressions into the line of modern humans. Seems more likely to me that the archaic range and the AMH range initially didn't overlap too much, with sapiens favoring the warmer regions until he became genetically & socially/technologically adapted to the colder climates of Eurasia. That's when we see the rapid colonization of the entirety of Eurasia beginning ca. ~45k B.P. . This might explain the suspicious gap between the very early dates for human settlement in South & South-East Asia (if corroborated) and other regions halpfalp mentioned before: the relatively quick exodus from his ancestral home might have been a quite difficult affair for AMH. Unlike the Neanderthal he didn't have the benefit of ~400k years adaptation to cold climates and Eurasian biomes.
But how can Mal'ta have CHG when it is much, much older than the CHG samples and thus it certainly lacked the particular mix that arose and consolidated in the Caucasus to form the CHG? I think that sounds terribly anachronistic and certainly leads to wrong conclusions. It can only be said that Mal'ta and CHG may have had a part of their genome that represent common ancestral roots (maybe not even implying necessarily a direct relationship, but that they were all influenced by waves of the same ancient population admixtures - though I definitely think ANE-enriched groups contributed to the CHG).
But how can Mal'ta have CHG when it is much, much older than the CHG samples and thus it certainly lacked the particular mix that arose and consolidated in the Caucasus to form the CHG? I think that sounds terribly anachronistic and certainly leads to wrong conclusions. It can only be said that Mal'ta and CHG may have had a part of their genome that represent common ancestral roots (maybe not even implying necessarily a direct relationship, but that they were all influenced by waves of the same ancient population admixtures - though I definitely think ANE-enriched groups contributed to the CHG).
After the failed expedition of the presumably AMH Skhul, the northern Middle East and the Levant seems to have been resettled by pure Neanderthals until their decline after ~45k B.P. . I believe that if the ancestors of modern humans had spent much time in the Middle East living more or less side by side with Neanderthals we would see inflated Neanderthal signals especially among West Eurasians, as is the case with the Romanian Oase guy. Remote areas like southern Arabia would be an exception of course.
Alternative explanations like social segregation etc. could be invoked, but I believe archaics and AMH interbred quite readily when they met, hence we observe multiple introgressions into the line of modern humans. Seems more likely to me that the archaic range and the AMH range initially didn't overlap too much, with sapiens favoring the warmer regions until he became genetically & socially/technologically adapted to the colder climates of Eurasia. That's when we see the rapid colonization of the entirety of Eurasia beginning ca. ~45k B.P. . This might explain the suspicious gap between the very early dates for human settlement in South & South-East Asia (if corroborated) and other regions halpfalp mentioned before: the relatively quick exodus from his ancestral home might have been a quite difficult affair for AMH. Unlike the Neanderthal he didn't have the benefit of ~400k years adaptation to cold climates and Eurasian biomes.
Surely it's just that CHG was partly ANE-enriched - I get that it could be that both have similar ancestry, but I can't see how CHG would have gotten to NE Siberia (whereas we know these R1 guys were mobile af)
I don't think so.After the failed expedition of the presumably AMH Skhul, the northern Middle East and the Levant seems to have been resettled by pure Neanderthals until their decline after ~45k B.P. . I believe that if the ancestors of modern humans had spent much time in the Middle East living more or less side by side with Neanderthals we would see inflated Neanderthal signals especially among West Eurasians, as is the case with the Romanian Oase guy. Remote areas like southern Arabia would be an exception of course.
Alternative explanations like social segregation etc. could be invoked, but I believe archaics and AMH interbred quite readily when they met, hence we observe multiple introgressions into the line of modern humans. Seems more likely to me that the archaic range and the AMH range initially didn't overlap too much, with sapiens favoring the warmer regions until he became genetically & socially/technologically adapted to the colder climates of Eurasia. That's when we see the rapid colonization of the entirety of Eurasia beginning ca. ~45k B.P. . This might explain the suspicious gap between the very early dates for human settlement in South & South-East Asia (if corroborated) and other regions halpfalp mentioned before: the relatively quick exodus from his ancestral home might have been a quite difficult affair for AMH. Unlike the Neanderthal he didn't have the benefit of ~400k years adaptation to cold climates and Eurasian biomes.
But how can Mal'ta have CHG when it is much, much older than the CHG samples and thus it certainly lacked the particular mix that arose and consolidated in the Caucasus to form the CHG? I think that sounds terribly anachronistic and certainly leads to wrong conclusions. It can only be said that Mal'ta and CHG may have had a part of their genome that represent common ancestral roots (maybe not even implying necessarily a direct relationship, but that they were all influenced by waves of the same ancient population admixtures - though I definitely think ANE-enriched groups contributed to the CHG).
I don't think so.
IMO AMH lived side by side with Neanderthals in the Middle East from 90 ka till 45 ka and we know 90 - 60 ka Eurasian AMH experienced a bottle neck.
The 55-60 ka admixture event was out of necessity, because AMH had very few partners to mate with.
We have a lot of European paleolithic DNA.
AMH were in Europe since 48 ka and lived there next to Neanderthals till 39 ka.
The only one that mated with Neanderthals within Europe was Oase I.
So you consider Skhul and Qafzeh as part of our own phylogenetic group as modern humans?
no, morphological Skhul and Qafzeh cluster with Irhoud and Aterian
but I consider 125 ka Jebel Faya as an extinct branch of AMH (but maybe ancestral to Basal Eurasian)
and I consider Nubian Complex as our ancestors (Y-DNA A1 https://www.yfull.com/tree/A1/ )
Nubian Complex originated in NE Africa some 160 ka, but it was present in Arabia since at least 106 ka
Neanderthals were present in southern Central Asia 87 ka, in the Zagros Mts 80 ka and later also in the Levant
before 50 ka human expansion happened in areas not inhabited by NeanderthalsSo your hypothesis is that human expansion only happened after Neanderthal and Denisova was weakened by something?
they also lived in areas no humans or Neanderthals never had survived before
before 50 ka human expansion happened in areas not inhabited by Neanderthals
ca 50 ka some humans invented blade tools
these humans replaced the Neanderthals, the Denisovans and many other humans who were still using flake tools and Levallois technique
they also lived in areas no humans or Neanderthals never had survived before
it all happened in 10.000 years time
As well as spear throwers. And that may have been the reason AMH started to gain territory at the expense of Neanderthals.
http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/80beats/2009/07/23/did-spear-chucking-humans-kill-neanderthals/
EDIT: An insight in Neanderthal hunting:
https://arstechnica.com/science/201...h-spears-demonstrate-how-neanderthals-hunted/
Can you elaborate on this point? What areas, where?
I suspect spear throwers and their javelins were made like the following video shows, for thousands of years prior to any attachments, with fire-hardened points shaped out of the shaft and no fletching. There are many people making and using atlatls on Youtube. This guy's works as well as most. These would leave no archeological trace.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rrlr02YDr5A
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