Ancient genomes indicate population replacement in Early Neolithic Britain

bicicleur 2

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The roles of migration, admixture and acculturation in the European transition to farming have been debated for over 100 years. Genome-wide ancient DNA studies indicate predominantly Aegean ancestry for continental Neolithic farmers, but also variable admixture with local Mesolithic hunter-gatherers. Neolithic cultures first appear in Britain circa 4000 BC, a millennium after they appeared in adjacent areas of continental Europe. The pattern and process of this delayed British Neolithic transition remain unclear. We assembled genome-wide data from 6 Mesolithic and 67 Neolithic individuals found in Britain, dating 8500–2500 BC. Our analyses reveal persistent genetic affinities between Mesolithic British and Western European hunter-gatherers. We find overwhelming support for agriculture being introduced to Britain by incoming continental farmers, with small, geographically structured levels of hunter-gatherer ancestry. Unlike other European Neolithic populations, we detect no resurgence of hunter-gatherer ancestry at any time during the Neolithic in Britain. Genetic affinities with Iberian Neolithic individuals indicate that British Neolithic people were mostly descended from Aegean farmers who followed the Mediterranean route of dispersal. We also infer considerable variation in pigmentation levels in Europe by circa 6000 BC.

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41...mlN7h448-rW162mD1BOtmBuXxu9enyRiPPdubHoKRpL1A
 
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I managed to get the PCA and other figures for it.

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RoPmU8N.png


0nM1x7f.png
 
British and Irish Neolithic end up on France.

Interesting how the German LBK shows up on northern Italy and Tuscany, and Anatolian Neolithic in Sicily.

All I2a2, as all the western Neolithic appears to have been.
 
Most of the remains on Y DNA I2a2
There is a sample YDNA IJK
Aveline_3 I6745 (51.324706, -2.753248) NA 8750-8459 cal. BCE (9340±50 BP, OxA-34338) Early_Mesolithic 0.00913x 1.63414x "1.0
[0.92, 1.0]" B5 / H13 / HV XX
Aveline_9 I6744 (51.324706, -2.753248) NA 8596-8302 cal. BCE (9230±50 BP, OxA-34339) Early_Mesolithic 0.00882x 6.22446x "1.0
[0.98, 1.0]" U5b1 XY IJK
KentCavern_1 I3025 (50.4682, -3.5030) NA 7478-7146 cal. BCE (8270±45 BP, OxA-23812) Late_Mesolithic 0.03382x 6.83282x "1
[0.97, 1]" U5a2 XX
Cheddar_man I6767 (51.281679, -2.765746) NA 8607-7982 cal. BCE (9100±100 BP, OxA-814) Early_Mesolithic 2.31635x 85.02269x "1.0
[0.99, 1.0]" U5b1 XY I2a2
CnocCoig_1 I3065 (56.011625, -6.240016) NA 4256-3803 cal. BCE (5492±36 BP, SUERC-69249) Late_Mesolithic 0.00668x 0.96041x "0.99
[0.72, 1.0]" V / HV XX
Ogof_yr_ychen_1 I6754 (51.63253, -4.692903) NA 7593-7204 cal. BCE (8597±54 BP, UBA-32282) Late_Mesolithic 0.04794x 3.03211x "0.98
[0.91, 0.99]" U5b XY I2a2
Aveline_1 I6746 (51.324706, -2.753248) NA 3695-3384 cal. BCE (4809±45 BP, UBA-30800) Early_Neolithic 0.92596x 68.59835x "0.99
[0.99, 1.0]" U5b1 XX
Aveline_13 I3005 (51.324706, -2.753248) NA 3780-3650 cal. BCE (4934±35 BP, OxA-34336) Early_Neolithic 0.11656x 6.97489x "1.0
[0.98, 1.0]" K1a4 XX
Ogof_yr_ychen_3 I3033 (51.63253, -4.692903) NA 3695-3520 cal. BCE (4819±42 BP, UBA-32284) Early_Neolithic 0.02029x 2.49490x "0.99
[0.89, 1.0]" U5b XX
BurnGround I6760 (51.843407, -1.850443) NA 3943-3711 cal. BCE (5023±34 BP, OxA-17173) Early_Neolithic 0.51322x 45.62460x "1.0
[1.0, 1.0]" U5b2 XY I2a2a1a1a2
UpperSwell I6762 (51.56105, -1.445923) 4000-3500 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.12774x 7.56340x "1
[0.97, 1]" K1a1 XY I2a2a1a1a2
Raschoille_1 I3041 (56.414567, -5.469178) 4000-3300 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.09305x 3.75780x "0.99
[0.95, 1]" K1a3 XY I2a2a1a1a
Raschoille_4 I5370 (56.414567, -5.469178) 4000-3300 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.00320x 0.65562x "0.98
[0.63, 1.0]" K1a XX
Raschoille_5 I5371 (56.414567, -5.469178) 4000-3300 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.03374x 2.83771x "1.0
[0.95, 1.0]" H2 XX
Whitehawk_1 I3039 (50.828981, -0.112825) 3650-3500 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.01510x 1.37111x "0.99
[0.83, 1.0]" M / V / B4 "consistent with XY
but not XX" I2a2a
Whitehawk_2 I3040 (50.828981, -0.112825) 3650-3500 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.02237x 1.88189x "0.96
[0.84, 0.99]" K1a11 XY I2a2a
Whitehawk_6 I6761 (50.828981, -0.112825) 3650-3500 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.07073x 4.03452x "0.98
[0.93, 1.0]" K1a XX
CaveHa3_1 I6755 (54.074439, -2.287284) NA 3654-3523 cal. BCE (4808±32 BP, OxA-13539) Early_Neolithic 0.16786x 29.72008x "0.97
[0.96, 0.98]" K1a2 XY I2a2a1
Coldrum_1 I6753 (51.321578, 0.372682) 3980-3750, 3730-2980 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.72260x 51.24166x "1.0
[0.99, 1.0]" K1 XY I2a2a1a1a
Little_Lodge I3023 (52.034891, -3.193573) 4000-3300 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.00911x 1.27853x "0.99
[0.86, 1.0]" T / V22 consistent with XY but not XX I
TottyPot_1 I5374 (51.279, -2.743324) NA 2831-2461 cal. BCE (4008±39 BP, OxA-16460) Late_Neolithic 0.02941x 6.68357x "0.99
[0.96, 1]" H1c "consistent with XY but not XX" I
WestKennet_1 I5387 (51.243083, -1.51039) 3300-2500 BCE NA Middle_Neolithic 0.11271x 6.26785x "0.99
[0.96, 1]" U5a XY I2a2a1
Bryn_yr_Hen_Bobl_1 I5357 (53.114647, -4.130208) NA 2911-2698 cal. BCE (4233±32 BP, OxA-12741) Late_Neolithic 0.00971x 1.49303x "0.99
[0.88, 1.0]" L / N5 XX
Rhos_Ddigre_1 I5358 (53.073, -3.2134) NA 3080-2904 cal. BCE (4354±27 BP, OxA-17562) Late_Neolithic 0.01982x 2.32150x "0.97
[0.88, 0.99]" K1a4 XX
Tinkinswood_1 I5359 (51.451429, -3.308186) 4000-3300 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.07206x 3.60022x "1.0
[0.96, 1.0]" H5 XY I2a2a
Gop_Cave_2 I6770 (53.309840, -3.372634) 4000-2500 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.01424x 1.80717x "1.0
[0.92, 1.0]" K1 XX
Cissbury_1 I5366 (50.860903, -0.399007) NA 3644-3384 cal. BCE (4775±34 BP, OxA-34470) Early_Neolithic 0.08529x 10.01895x "1.0
[0.98, 1.0]" X2b XX
Fussels_Lodge_1 I6751 (51.091224, -1.72751) 3755-3660 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.89247x 62.93059x "1.0
[0.99, 1.0]" U5b1 XX
Fussels_Lodge_2 I6750 (51.091224, -1.72751) 3755-3660 BCE NA Early_Neolithic 0.11923x 13.33744x "1.0
[0.99, 1.0]" K1a XY I2a2
Jubilee_cave I6757 (54.081683, -2.27362) NA 3648-3377 cal. BCE (4766±48 BP, UBA-32285) Early_Neolithic 0.33188x 17.75370x "1.0
[0.99, 1.0]" J1c XY I2a2a1a1a2
Kelco_cave I6759 (54.074439, -2.287284) NA 3650-3522 cal. BCE (4801±31 BP, OxA-13538) Early_Neolithic 0.27630x 14.24866x "1.0
[0.99, 1.0]" J1 XY I2a1b
Embo_1 I6766 (57.907315, -3.996827) 3500-2700 BCE NA Middle/Late_Neolithic 0.24588x 19.03845x "1.0
[0.99, 1.0]" H XX
Embo_3 I6764 (57.907315, -3.996827) 3500-2700 BCE NA Middle/Late_Neolithic 0.07391x 6.97399x "1.0
[0.97, 1.0]" K1a1b XX
Carsington_pasture_1 I6747 (53.079803, -1.640942) NA 3656-3521 cal. BCE (4808±35 BP, UB-29004) Early_Neolithic 10.71762x 141.30442x "0.98
[0.97, 0.98]" J1c1 XY I2a2a1a1a
Carsington_pasture_3 I3068 (53.079803, -1.640942) NA 3692-3522 cal. BCE (4820±34 BP, UBA-29003) Early_Neolithic 0.10151x 18.01883x "1.0
[0.99, 1.0]" T2c1d XY I2a2a1a1a
 

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