DNA of ancient inhabitants of Poland and neighbouring areas

T

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Location
Poland
Ethnic group
Polish
Y-DNA haplogroup
R1b-L617
mtDNA haplogroup
W6a
I've uploaded to GEDmatch Genesis most of available aDNA from Poland + some from neighbouring countries:


MESOLITHIC hunter-gatherers
(the oldest population of Poland)


Hunter-gatherer from Cuyavia:


Kit Number: XM9113846
Name: N22 Poland Hunter-Gatherer


Ancient CUYAVIA region (Kujawy):


Neolithic Lengyel culture, Brzesc-Kujawski Group:


Kit Number: LW7326649
Name: N42 Neolithic Kujawy Lengyel BKG

Kit Number: DD8408872
Name: N36 Neolithic Kujawy Lengyel BKG

Kit Number: JA8448279
Name: N28 Neolithic Kujawy Lengyel BKG

Kit Number: YN8057191
Name: N31 Neolithic Kujawy Lengyel BKG

Kit Number: AR4487061
Name: N27 Neolithic Kujawy Lengyel BKG

Kit Number: LE5504078
Name: N25 Neolithic Kujawy Lengyel BKG

Kit Number: HF6073275
Name: N26 Neolithic Kujawy Lengyel BKG


Neolithic farmers, Funnel Beaker Culture (TRB):


Kit Number: UC6688588
Name: N18 Neolithic Kujawy Funnel Beaker

Kit Number: GH7550062
Name: N19 Neolithic Kujawy Funnel Beaker

Kit Number: QC4071388
Name: N20 Neolithic Kujawy Funnel Beaker


Neolithic farmers, Globular Amphora Culture (GAC):


Kit Number: KL2632962
Name: N38 Neolithic Kujawy GAC culture


Corded Ware Culture (CWC, Corded Ware):

Kit Number: DK4798535
Name: N49 Ancient Kujawy Corded Ware

Kit Number: RU6912924
Name: N47 Ancient Kujawy Corded Ware


Kit Number: UL3000314
Name: N45 Ancient Kujawy Corded Ware

Kit Number: WZ7321602
Name: N44 Ancient Kujawy Corded Ware


Iwno Culture or Early Trzciniec Culture:

Kit Number: MB7214665
Name: N17 Ancient Kujawy Iwno Culture R1a


Ancient LESSER POLAND (Malopolska):


Globular Amphora Culture (GAC) samples from this study (there are more, maybe later I will upload):


https://www.academia.edu/25318831/Koszyce_s...C5%82ku_neolitu - study has English Summary


Kit Number: DF4610811
Name: RISE1168 Neolithic Malopolska GAC I2a


Bell Beaker Culture, Samborzec:


Kit Number: CY2934277
Name: I4251 Malopolska Bell Beaker R1b


Kit Number: BE8733105
Name: I4252 Malopolska Bell Beaker R1b

Kit Number: SL5724347
Name: I4253 Malopolska Bell Beaker R1b


Ancient PALUKI region (near Cuyavia):


Neolithic farmers, Globular Amphora Culture (GAC):


Kit Number: LA7253346
Name: I2403 Neolithic Paluki GAC culture I2a

Kit Number: LD8560888
Name: I2433 Neolithic Paluki GAC culture

Kit Number: CK4589849
Name: I2405 Neolithic Paluki GAC culture I2a


Kit Number: XN3376426
Name: I2441 Neolithic Paluki GAC culture I2a

Kit Number: QR1128874
Name: I2407 Neolithic Paluki GAC culture I2

Kit Number: XU1078777
Name: I2435 Neolithic Paluki GAC culture I2

Kit Number: EJ8009458
Name: I2434 Neolithic Paluki GAC culture

Kit Number: FY4781090
Name: I2440 Neolithic Paluki GAC culture I2


Ancient GREATER POLAND (Wielkopolska):


Corded Ware Culture (CWC, Corded Ware):


Kit Number: GB8378550
Name: RISE1 Wielkopolska Corded Ware


Kultura CWC lub proto-unietycka:


Kit Number: AT4989863
Name: RISE431 Wielkopolska Proto-Unetice R1a


Kultura unietycka:

Kit Number: LT2714573
Name: RISE145 Wielkopolska Unetice


Ancient SUDOVIA (Suwalszczyzna) region:


Sudovia, Late Bronze Age or Early Iron Age:


Kit Number: PH4421025
Name: Turlojiske5 Ancient Suwalki R1a

Kit Number: XT3725222
Name: Vs-1188 Ancient Suwalki R1a

Kit Number: RN4554211
Name: OxA-5931 Ancient Suwalki

Kit Number: RU3974207
Name: Turlojiske1 Ancient Suwalki R1a


Ancient SILESIA:


Bell Beaker Culture:


Kit Number: GS9402267
Name: I6581 Silesia Bell Beaker R1b

Kit Number: GA3235990
Name: I6582 Silesia Bell Beaker

Kit Number: YR2184032
Name: I6534 Silesia Bell Beaker R1b

Kit Number: MP1030698
Name: I6580 Silesia Bell Beaker R1b


Bronze Age Silesia:


Kit Number: RK4990121
Name: I6531 Silesia Bronze Age R1a

Kit Number: WQ7348984
Name: I6579 Silesia Bronze Age


Unetice Culture:


Kit Number: PQ9702384
Name: RISE154 Silesia Unetice Culture

Kit Number: RQ7879774
Name: RISE109 Silesia Unetice Culture


Ancient POMERANIA:


Unetice Culture:


Kit Number: NG3207778
Name: RISE139 West Pomerania Unetice


Ancient RED RUTHENIA region:


Neolithic farmers, Trypillian Culture:


Kit Number: GX7487389
Name: I1926 Trypillian East Galicia 5kya


Kit Number: ZH9512157
Name: I2110 Trypillian East Galicia 5kya


Kit Number: UR3147563
Name: I2111 Trypillian East Galicia G2a

Kit Number: NU7723679
Name: I3151 Trypillian East Galicia E1b


Ancient INFLANTY region (Latvia):


Late Bronze Age ca. 800-200 BC:


Kit Number: DE6697829
Name: Kivutkalns153 Ancient Inflanty R1a

Kit Number: BT1287316
Name: Kivutkalns164 Ancient Inflanty

Kit Number: ZY6861694
Name: Kivutkalns19 Ancient Inflanty R1a

Kit Number: XY5213069
Name: Kivutkalns207 Ancient Inflanty

Kit Number: JM2215719
Name: Kivutkalns222 Ancient Inflanty R1a

Kit Number: PN6968583
Name: Kivutkalns25 Ancient Inflanty R1a

Kit Number: ZN7418726
Name: Kivutkalns194 Ancient Inflanty R1a

Kit Number: KF6713005
Name: Kivutkalns215 Ancient Inflanty

Kit Number: RB1143990
Name: Kivutkalns42 Ancient Inflanty

Kit Number: MK9912313
Name: Kivutkalns209 Ancient Inflanty R1a


Ancient PODOLIA region:


Neolithic farmers, Globular Amphora Culture (GAC):


Kit Number: EH4045933
Name: ILK002 Neolithic Podolia GAC I2a

Kit Number: KG4369435
Name: ILK001 Neolithic Podolia GAC I2a

Kit Number: BC5990678
Name: ILK003 Neolithic Podolia GAC


Selected samples from neighbouring countries:


Scythians, Ukraine, Herodotus times (Cherkasy Oblast, former Kiev Voivodeship of Poland):


Kit Number: YB3597161
Name: Scythian009 Ukraine 800-400 BC


Early Medieval Russia (contamination with modern DNA removed by David Reich):


Kit Number: DP9242486
Name: Sungir6 Early Medieval Russian I2a


Early Medieval Czechia (new genotyping by David Reich, better quality):


Kit Number: AS1343261
Name: RISE569 Early Medieval Czech


Bronze Age Czechia, Unetice Culture, haplogroup R1b-U106:


Kit Number: NC1911258
Name: I7196 Bohemia Unetice R1b-U106


Czechia, Celtic times, Bylany group of the Hallstatt Culture:


Kit Number: LA2887022
Name: DA112 Hallstatt Bylany Celtic 800 BC

Kit Number: RL9361341
Name: DA111 Hallstatt Bylany Celtic 800 BC


Hungarian Scythians, Herodotus times (so far only one, maybe later I will upload more):


Kit Number: HR6053540
Name: DA191 Hungary Scythian 550 BC


Hungary, Bronze Age Mako Culture:


Kit Number: HZ6868325
Name: BR1 Hungary Mako Culture 2100 BC


Hungary, Bronze Age Kyjatice Culture (new genotyping by David Reich):


Kit Number: DQ8464019
Name: BR2 Hungary Kyjatice Culture 1200 BC


Slovakia, Migration Period, chieftain with R1b-U106:


Kit Number: LJ7725249
Name: DA119 Spis Slovakia 375 AD R1b-S21


Hungary Late Migration Period, Szolad:


Kit Number: PQ1868516
Name: AV1 Hungary Szolad 540-640 AD

Kit Number: MK9885731
Name: AV2 Hungary Szolad 540-640 AD


Lithuania Migration Period, with N1c haplogroup:


Kit Number: ME7730537
Name: DA171 Lithuania ca. 350-650 AD N1c


Hungary Late Middle Ages (Western immigrant?):


Kit Number: MJ2087885
Name: DA199 Late Medieval Hungary


Sweden Sigtuna Viking Age (only some of the eastern-shifted samples):


Kit Number: PC5800781
Name: Vik_urm160 Sigtuna Viking Age

Kit Number: NJ2572514
Name: Vik_84005 Sigtuna Viking Age


Prehistoric Steppes of Ukraine, samples with R1a haplogroup:


Kit Number: AD9975805
Name: I1819 Mesolithic Ukraine 1st oldest R1a


Kit Number: TV3464920
Name: I5876 Mesolithic Ukraine 2nd oldest R1a


Kit Number: ZL8105546
Name: I6561 Ukraine Steppe Sredny Stog R1a


European in Kazakhstan, 13th or 14th century (lands of the Golden Horde):


Kit Number: LP4438020
Name: DA29 European in Kazakhstan 1300 AD


Ancient Cimmerians from the Pontic Steppe:


Kit Number: GA9020947
Name: Cim357 Ancient Kimmerian R1b


Ancient Sarmatians from the Steppes:


Kit Number: FE3331618
Name: DA136 Ancient Sarmatian

Kit Number: JL8098426
Name: DA141 Ancient Sarmatian Q

Kit Number: LV4759838
Name: DA145 Ancient Sarmatian R

Kit Number: ZN1441642
Name: Chy002 Ancient Sarmatian R1a

Kit Number: FA6708131
Name: DA143 Ancient Sarmatian

Kit Number: XS5668417
Name: Chy001 Ancient Sarmatian

Kit Number: LK6054714
Name: Tem001 Ancient Sarmatian

Kit Number: ZA4730644
Name: Tem003 Ancient Sarmatian

Kit Number: ED8879076
Name: Tem002 Ancient Sarmatian

Kit Number: QU3092537
Name: DA30 Ancient Sarmatian I2

Kit Number: XD5432322
Name: DA26 Ancient Sarmatian

Kit Number: PG3063442
Name: DA139 Ancient Sarmatian

Kit Number: QX4869454
Name: DA134 Ancient Sarmatian R1a

Kit Number: CQ3796350
Name: DA144 Ancient Sarmatian R1

Kit Number: Z831915
Name: I0575 Ancient Sarmatian
 
Last edited:
The Scythians were gentically diverse, they could be divided into several genetically distinct groups.

Sample Scythian009 belongs to the cluster which was similar to modern NE European populations:

lOHbCz3.png
 
Polish Mesolithic Hunter-Gatherer in Eurogenes K15 and K13:

xtmDbnc.png


Eurogenes K15:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 Baltic 36.68
2 North_Sea 34.81
3 Eastern_Euro 16.84
4 Atlantic 11.67

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Estonian 11.11
2 Lithuanian 13.77
3 Belorussian 15.73
4 Ukrainian 15.97
5 Polish 16.01
6 Finnish 16.02
7 Ukrainian_Lviv 16.16
8 South_Polish 16.7
9 Estonian_Polish 17.05
10 Southwest_Russian 17.27
11 Russian_Smolensk 17.72
12 Ukrainian_Belgorod 17.92
13 Southwest_Finnish 17.99
14 East_Finnish 18.61
15 La_Brana-1 20.06
16 Kargopol_Russian 20.13
17 North_Swedish 20.64
18 Erzya 21.39
19 Hungarian 21.64
20 Swedish 22.34

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 96.8% Estonian + 3.2% Swedish @ 11.09
2 98.3% Estonian + 1.7% West_Norwegian @ 11.1
3 100% Estonian + 0% Abhkasian @ 11.11
4 100% Estonian + 0% Adygei @ 11.11
5 100% Estonian + 0% Afghan_Hazara @ 11.11
6 100% Estonian + 0% Afghan_Pashtun @ 11.11
7 100% Estonian + 0% Afghan_Tadjik @ 11.11
8 100% Estonian + 0% Afghan_Turkmen @ 11.11
9 100% Estonian + 0% Afghan_Uzbeki @ 11.11
10 100% Estonian + 0% Algerian @ 11.11
11 100% Estonian + 0% Algerian_Jewish @ 11.11
12 100% Estonian + 0% Altaian @ 11.11
13 100% Estonian + 0% Anzick-1 @ 11.11
14 100% Estonian + 0% Armenian @ 11.11
15 100% Estonian + 0% Ashkenazi @ 11.11
16 100% Estonian + 0% Assyrian @ 11.11
17 100% Estonian + 0% Austrian @ 11.11
18 100% Estonian + 0% Austroasiatic_Ho @ 11.11
19 100% Estonian + 0% Azeri @ 11.11
20 100% Estonian + 0% Balkar @ 11.11

Eurogenes K13:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 Baltic 61.09
2 North_Atlantic 38.24
3 Oceanian 0.67

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Lithuanian 12.85
2 Estonian 12.88
3 Finnish 14.84
4 East_Finnish 15.72
5 Belorussian 15.72
6 Estonian_Polish 16.98
7 Russian_Smolensk 17.45
8 Southwest_Finnish 17.77
9 Polish 19
10 La_Brana-1 19.4
11 Kargopol_Russian 19.68
12 Southwest_Russian 19.76
13 Ukrainian_Belgorod 19.99
14 Erzya 21.22
15 South_Polish 22.15
16 Ukrainian 22.31
17 Ukrainian_Lviv 23.68
18 North_Swedish 24.02
19 Croatian 29.48
20 Swedish 29.64

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 81.5% Lithuanian + 18.5% La_Brana-1 @ 12.4
2 51.2% Lithuanian + 48.8% Estonian @ 12.55
3 78.7% Lithuanian + 21.3% Finnish @ 12.68
4 92.6% Lithuanian + 7.4% Southwest_Finnish @ 12.82
5 94.2% Lithuanian + 5.8% East_Finnish @ 12.84
6 97.5% Lithuanian + 2.5% North_Swedish @ 12.84
7 100% Lithuanian + 0% Abhkasian @ 12.85
8 100% Lithuanian + 0% Adygei @ 12.85
9 100% Lithuanian + 0% Afghan_Pashtun @ 12.85
10 100% Lithuanian + 0% Afghan_Tadjik @ 12.85
11 100% Lithuanian + 0% Afghan_Turkmen @ 12.85
12 100% Lithuanian + 0% Aghan_Hazara @ 12.85
13 100% Lithuanian + 0% Algerian @ 12.85
14 100% Lithuanian + 0% Algerian_Jewish @ 12.85
15 100% Lithuanian + 0% Altaian @ 12.85
16 100% Lithuanian + 0% Armenian @ 12.85
17 100% Lithuanian + 0% Ashkenazi @ 12.85
18 100% Lithuanian + 0% Assyrian @ 12.85
19 100% Lithuanian + 0% Austrian @ 12.85
20 100% Lithuanian + 0% Austroasiatic_Ho @ 12.85
 
Last edited:
Recently David Reich published a huge number of samples, some of them in better quality than before.

For example this includes new genotyping for RISE569, who now has a bit more typically Slavic results:

Early Medieval Czech RISE569, Eurogenes K15:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 North_Sea 24.76
2 Baltic 23.94
3 Atlantic 16.3
4 Eastern_Euro 14.64
5 West_Asian 9.3
6 West_Med 7.61
7 Red_Sea 1.59
8 Siberian 1.1
9 Northeast_African 0.72
10 Amerindian 0.04

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 Ukrainian_Lviv 6.67
2 South_Polish 6.75
3 Ukrainian 7.56
4 Hungarian 8
5 Croatian 8.5
6 East_German 8.85
7 Polish 8.97
8 Moldavian 9.59
9 Russian_Smolensk 10.89
10 Austrian 10.97
11 Ukrainian_Belgorod 11.26
12 Southwest_Finnish 11.29
13 Finnish 11.31
14 Southwest_Russian 11.63
15 Estonian 12.1
16 Belorussian 12.53
17 Estonian_Polish 12.86
18 East_Finnish 13.65
19 Serbian 14.5
20 Kargopol_Russian 14.74

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 77% Ukrainian_Lviv + 23% North_German @ 4.8
2 83% Ukrainian_Lviv + 17% Orcadian @ 4.86
3 62% Ukrainian_Lviv + 38% East_German @ 4.9
4 80.2% Ukrainian_Lviv + 19.8% North_Dutch @ 4.92
5 81.7% Ukrainian_Lviv + 18.3% Southwest_English @ 4.96
6 82% Ukrainian_Lviv + 18% Irish @ 4.96
7 82.5% Ukrainian_Lviv + 17.5% West_Scottish @ 4.98
8 82.2% Ukrainian_Lviv + 17.8% Southeast_English @ 5.04
9 80.8% Ukrainian_Lviv + 19.2% Danish @ 5.05
10 79.6% Ukrainian_Lviv + 20.4% South_Dutch @ 5.11
11 82.7% Ukrainian_Lviv + 17.3% West_Norwegian @ 5.18
12 80.9% Ukrainian_Lviv + 19.1% Norwegian @ 5.21
13 80.2% Ukrainian_Lviv + 19.8% West_German @ 5.23
14 79.6% Ukrainian_Lviv + 20.4% Swedish @ 5.24
15 80.4% South_Polish + 19.6% West_German @ 5.38
16 63.3% South_Polish + 36.7% East_German @ 5.4
17 58.5% East_German + 41.5% Ukrainian_Belgorod @ 5.4
18 83.8% Ukrainian_Lviv + 16.2% French @ 5.46
19 57.1% Ukrainian + 42.9% East_German @ 5.47
20 63% Ukrainian_Belgorod + 37% West_German @ 5.49

Early Medieval Czech RISE569, Eurogenes K13:

Admix Results (sorted):

# Population Percent
1 Baltic 37.96
2 North_Atlantic 31.33
3 West_Med 12.02
4 West_Asian 8.82
5 East_Med 5.28
6 Siberian 1.99
7 Red_Sea 1
8 Northeast_African 0.95
9 Amerindian 0.54
10 Oceanian 0.09

Single Population Sharing:

# Population (source) Distance
1 South_Polish 4.71
2 Ukrainian_Lviv 5.48
3 Croatian 6.21
4 Ukrainian 6.59
5 Hungarian 7.32
6 Polish 7.85
7 East_German 8.41
8 Moldavian 9.07
9 Austrian 9.81
10 Southwest_Russian 10.32
11 Ukrainian_Belgorod 10.45
12 Russian_Smolensk 10.75
13 Estonian_Polish 11.62
14 Southwest_Finnish 11.87
15 Belorussian 11.92
16 Kargopol_Russian 13.48
17 North_Swedish 13.79
18 Serbian 14.06
19 Finnish 14.12
20 Estonian 14.2

Mixed Mode Population Sharing:

# Primary Population (source) Secondary Population (source) Distance
1 62.9% Austrian + 37.1% Erzya @ 2.22
2 77.7% Ukrainian_Lviv + 22.3% North_German @ 2.61
3 51.7% Austrian + 48.3% Ukrainian_Belgorod @ 2.63
4 78.5% Ukrainian_Lviv + 21.5% West_German @ 2.65
5 66.9% East_German + 33.1% Erzya @ 2.65
6 79.5% Ukrainian_Lviv + 20.5% South_Dutch @ 2.69
7 64.7% Ukrainian_Belgorod + 35.3% South_Dutch @ 2.69
8 68.9% Ukrainian_Belgorod + 31.1% French @ 2.72
9 82.4% Ukrainian_Lviv + 17.6% Irish @ 2.73
10 66.5% Ukrainian_Lviv + 33.5% Austrian @ 2.75
11 80.6% Ukrainian_Lviv + 19.4% North_Dutch @ 2.76
12 81.9% Ukrainian_Lviv + 18.1% Orcadian @ 2.76
13 83.1% Ukrainian_Lviv + 16.9% West_Scottish @ 2.77
14 83.1% Ukrainian_Lviv + 16.9% Southwest_English @ 2.78
15 58.4% Austrian + 41.6% Kargopol_Russian @ 2.8
16 82% Ukrainian_Lviv + 18% Southeast_English @ 2.8
17 80.4% Ukrainian_Lviv + 19.6% Danish @ 2.8
18 55.9% East_German + 44.1% Ukrainian_Belgorod @ 2.82
19 63.5% Ukrainian_Belgorod + 36.5% West_German @ 2.82
20 51.4% Austrian + 48.6% Southwest_Russian @ 2.83
 
Some of new uploads:

Kit Number: YP9692697
Name: MJ14 West Scythian R1a-Z645

Kit Number: LL2673367
Name: MJ31 Early Kimmerian R1a

Kit Number: KJ1231790
Name: MJ32 Kimmerian 600 BC R1a

Kit Number: HE2146927
Name: MJ12 Thraco-Kimmerian

Kit Number: XJ2742214
Name: MJ19 Chernyakhov 262-530 AD

Kit Number: RN2067517
Name: MJ37 Chernyakhov 243-386 AD

Kit Number: XA3802705
Name: MJ36 Chernyakhov Low Quality

Kit Number: UW2322135
Name: MJ16 West Scythian J2a-B437

Kit Number: EW3293741
Name: MJ15 Scythian R1a ~300 BC

Kit Number: MX4400262
Name: MJ34 West Scythian R1a-Z93

Kit Number: HH7284193
Name: MJ13 West Scythian ~580 BC

Kit Number: NY3569644
Name: MJ35 West Scythian Q1c-L332
 
Last edited:
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