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Individual | Location | Period | Date | Sex | MT hg | Y hg | Av. cov. | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Morph. | Gen. | |||||||
X02 | Iru, Harju, EST | BA | 1090–910 BC a | M | XY | T1a1b | R1a | 0.031 |
0LS11 | Jõelähtme, Harju, EST | BA | 1060–850 BC a | M | XY | H1c | R1a1 | 0.214 |
V9 | Jõelähtme, Harju, EST | BA | 1220–1010 BC a | M | XY | K1c1h | R1a1’2 | 0.474 |
V14 | Muuksi, Harju, EST | BA | 1280–1050 BC a | M | XY | U2e2a1 | R1a1’2 | 0.443 |
X05 | Muuksi, Harju, EST | BA | 1210–1010 BC a | M | XY | T2a1b1a1 | R1a1’2 | 0.029 |
X08 | Muuksi, Harju, EST | BA | 930–810 BC a | M | XY | T2a1b1a2 | R1a1c | 0.306 |
X09 | Muuksi, Harju, EST | BA | 820–770 BC a | M | XY | J1b1a | R1a | <0.017 |
X10 | Muuksi, Harju, EST | BA | 1220–1020 BC a | M | XY | U5a2a1 | R1a1’2 | 0.22 |
X11 | Napa, Ida-Viru, EST | BA | 1030–890 BC a | M | XY | J1c2k | R1a | 0.224 |
X12 | Napa, Ida-Viru, EST | BA | 900–790 BC a | M | XY | W6 | R1a1’6 | 0.023 |
X13 | Rebala, Harju, EST | BA | 780–480 BC a | M | ? | K1b2a | – | <0.017 |
X14 | Rebala, Harju, EST | BA | 780–430 BC a | M | XY | H1b2 | R1a1c | 0.307 |
V16 | Väo, Harju, EST | BA | 730–390 BC a | M | XY | H1b2 | R1a1’2 | 0.22 |
X16 | Väo, Harju, EST | BA | 1080–910 BC a | M? | XY | J1c4 | R1a | 0.018 |
X17 | Väo, Harju, EST | BA | 930–810 BC a | M | XY | U4a2b | R1a1c | 0.387 |
X18 | Väo, Harju, EST | BA? | 1200 BC–… b | M | XY | U3b2a | ? | <0.017 |
X19 | Väo, Harju, EST | BA | 1200–400 BC b | ? | XX | U | – | <0.017 |
X20 | Väo, Harju, EST | BA | 900–800 BC a | ? | XY | U4a2b | R1a | 0.085 |
X15 | Vehendi, Tartu, EST | BA | 1210–1000 BC a | M? | XY | U5b1b1 | R1a1c | 0.339 |
0LS09 | Ilmandu, Harju, EST | IA | 540–380 BC a | F | XX | H6a1a | – | <0.017 |
V7 | Ilmandu, Harju, EST | IA | 790–430 BC a | M | XY | T2a1b1a1 | R1a | <0.017 |
V8 | Ilmandu, Harju, EST | IA | 730–400 BC c | M? | XX | HV0 | – | <0.017 |
0LS10 | Kunda, Lääne-Viru, EST | IA | 770–430 BC c | M | XY | H13a1a1a | N3a3′5 | 0.319 |
V10 | Kunda, Lääne-Viru, EST | IA | 790–430 BC a | M | XY | H1a | R1a1c | 0.403 |
V11 | Kurevere, Saare, EST | IA | 390–200 BC a | M? | XX | W3a1d | – | 0.277 |
V12 | Kurevere, Saare, EST | IA | 360–40 BC a | M? | XY | I1a1c | N3a3a | 0.245 |
X04 | Loona, Saare, EST | IA | 480–360 BC a | M | XY | H1c | R1a1’2 | 0.256 |
VII3 | Poanse, Pärnu, EST | IA | 380–180 BC a | M | XY | U5a1d | ? | <0.017 |
VII4 | Võhma, Lääne-Viru, EST | IA | 760–400 BC a | M | XY | T1a1b | N3a3a | 0.342 |
VII15 | Kerstovo, Ingria, RUS | IA | 45 BC–77 AD a | ? | XY | U5a2a1 | R1a | 0.244 |
VIII7 | Kerstovo, Ingria, RUS | IA | 75–200 AD b | ? | XX | H2a1a | – | 0.062 |
VIII8 | Kerstovo, Ingria, RUS | IA | 75–200 AD b | ? | XY | H3h | R1a1c | 0.0517 |
VIII9 | Kerstovo, Ingria, RUS | IA | 75–200 AD b | ? | XX | U4a2 | – | 0.3 |
VIII5 | Malli, Ingria, RUS | IA | 75–300 AD b | ? | XX | T1a1b | – | 0.398 |
IIa | Karja, Saare, EST | MA | 1230–1300 AD b | M | XY | H3h1 | N3a3a | 0.734 |
0LS03 | Kukruse, Ida-Viru, EST | MA | 1180–1220/1240 AD b | M | XY | U4d1 | R1a1a’b | 0.0696 |
IVLS09KT | Mäletjärve, Tartu, EST | MA | 1570–1600 AD b | M | XY | H2a1 | J2b2 | 0.332 |
IIf | Otepää, Valga, EST | MA | 1360–1390 AD b | M | XY | T2b | N3a3a | 0.206 |
IIg | Pada, Lääne-Viru, EST | MA | 1210–1230/1240 AD b | M | XY | U4a2b | N3a3a | 0.102 |
IIIt | Vaabina, Võru, EST | MA | 1250–1450 AD b | F | XX | U5a2a1 | – | 0.0413 |
ILS01 | Vana-Kuuste, Tartu, EST | MA | 1500–1625 AD b | M | XY | H11a1 | R1a | 0.0827 |
We identified chrY hgs for 30 male individuals (Tables 1 and S2; STAR Methods). All 16 successfully haplogrouped EstBA males belonged to hg R1a, showing no change from the CWC period, when this was also the only chrY lineage detected in the Eastern Baltic [11, 13, 30, 31]. Three EstIA and two IngIA individuals also belonged to hg R1a, but three EstIA males belonged to hg N3a, the earliest so far observed in the Eastern Baltic. Three EstMA individuals belonged to hg N3a, two to hg R1a, and one to hg J2b. ChrY lineages found in the Baltic Sea region before the CWC belong to hgs I, R1b, R1a5, and Q [10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 32]. Thus, it appears that these lineages were substantially replaced in the Eastern Baltic by hg R1a [10, 11, 12, 13], most likely through steppe migrations from the east [30, 31]. Although we did not detect N3a chrYs in our BA sample, unlike in BA Fennoscandia [26], we cannot rule out its presence due to small sample size. However, the frequency should not exceed 0.17 with 95% and 0.25 with 99% confidence [33]. The frequency of hg N3a was significantly higher in our IA than our BA group (Fisher’s exact test p value 0.013). Our results enable us to conclude that, although the expansion time for R1a1 and N3a3′5 in Eastern Europe is similar [25], hg N3a likely reached Estonia or at least became comparably frequent to modern Estonia [1] only during the BA-IA transition.
Good study and it debunks these weird theories that Carlos from indo-european.eu believes in (about Finno-Ugric Corded Ware culture).
yes, it was weird and now well rejected, but even more weird is how he reacts about the new data: pitable denial and bizarre hocus pocus.
Good study and it debunks these weird theories that Carlos from indo-european.eu believes in (about Finno-Ugric Corded Ware culture).
Good study and it debunks these weird theories that Carlos from indo-european.eu believes in (about Finno-Ugric Corded Ware culture).
the presence of a
291 genetic component associated with Caucasus hunter-gatherers and later with people
292 representing the Yamnaya Culture in Eastern hunter-gatherers and Estonian CCC individuals
293 means that the expansion of the CWC cannot be seen as the sole means for the spread of this
294 genetic component, at least in Eastern Europe. The transition to intensive farming and animal
295 husbandry in Estonia, which took place a few thousand years after the farming transition in
296 many other parts of Europe, was conveyed by the CWC individuals and involved an influx of
297 new genetic material. These people carried a clear Steppe ancestry with some minor Anatolian298 contribution, most likely absorbed through female lineages during the population movements.
All four of the Estonian CWC individuals could be assigned to the R1a-Z645 sub-clade of hg165 R1a-M417 which together with N is one of the most common Y chromosome haplogroups inpresent-day Estonians (33%)44 166 . Importantly, this R1a lineage is only distantly related to the 167 R1a5 lineage we found in the CCC sample.
Our results support the hypothesis that individuals associated with the CCC hunter-gatherers in286 Estonia were genetically most similar to Eastern hunter-gatherers from Karelia, a region further287 east from Estonia.
In my opinion it's mostly an indirect connection (a "coincidence" of sorts) that caused the relationship between the spread of Siberian ancestry and the Uralic languages' expansion. IMO they were originally a later derivation of the Lyalovo suset of the Comb Ceramic culture in the area roughly between the Oka and Kama rivers, developingo into the Fatyanovo-Balanovo and Abashevo-influenced Volosovo culture, which would help explain the fact that many Uralic branches have so much linguistic IE and genetic CWC-like influence. In that region Proto-Uralic would've developed originally in a mostly EHG (with some WHG mixed in too), but by the time of its expansion they would've absorbed a disproportionately male genetic impact of a Siberian people (bringing clades of N haplogroup). They would've absorbed them instead of shifting their language and culture entirely because of them. However, since that haplogroup and that Siberian ancestry was rare or nonexistant to the west of their homeland in the Oka-Kama/Urals region, they would've become their distinctive "trademark" even though the origin of the language and most of their genetics was not in them.
Doesn't PU have Indo-Iranian loans? That would make homeland in CCC unlikely imho.
https://www.gnxp.com/WordPress/2019/05/09/inventing-the-whites-what-hath-fog-wrought/
Razib Khan chimes in, with Maciamo's map of N1c in the article.
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