Genetic study iron age tocharian DNA

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https://www.researchgate.net/public...lrMTkR23Gmilfr7JFkuSKu8H9D2ZHxSAzvpGJWElcRIoc

Ancient Genomes Reveal Yamnaya-Related Ancestry and a Potential Source of Indo-European Speakers in Iron Age Tianshan
Article (PDF Available) · July 2019 with 29 Reads
Cite this publication
Chao Ning
15.81Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Chuan-Chao Wang
34.93Xiamen University
+ 9
Shizhu Gao
Yang Yang
Show more authors
Abstract
Recent studies of early Bronze Age human ge- nomes revealed a massive population expansion by individuals-related to the Yamnaya culture, from the Pontic Caspian steppe into Western and Eastern Eurasia, likely accompanied by the spread of Indo-European languages [1–5]. The south eastern extent of this migration is currently not known. Modern-day human populations from the Xinjiang region in northwestern China show a com- plex population history, with genetic links to both Eastern and Western Eurasia [6–10]. However, due to the lack of ancient genomic data, it remains unclear which source populations contributed to the Xinjiang population and what was the timing and the number of admixture events. Here, we report the first genome-wide data of 10 ancient in- dividuals from northeastern Xinjiang. They are dated to around 2,200 years ago and were found at the Iron Age Shirenzigou site. We find them to be already genetically admixed between Eastern and Western Eurasians. We also find that the ma- jority of the East Eurasian ancestry in the Shirenzi- gou individuals is-related to northeastern Asian populations, while the West Eurasian ancestry is best presented by $20% to 80% Yamnaya-like ancestry. Our data thus suggest a Western Eurasian steppe origin for at least part of the ancient Xinjiang population. Our findings further- more support a Yamnaya-related origin for the now extinct Tocharian languages in the Tarim Ba- sin, in southern Xinjiang
 
https://www.researchgate.net/public...lrMTkR23Gmilfr7JFkuSKu8H9D2ZHxSAzvpGJWElcRIoc

Ancient Genomes Reveal Yamnaya-Related Ancestry and a Potential Source of Indo-European Speakers in Iron Age Tianshan
Article (PDF Available) · July 2019 with 29 Reads
Cite this publication
Chao Ning
15.81Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Chuan-Chao Wang
34.93Xiamen University
+ 9
Shizhu Gao
Yang Yang
Show more authors
Abstract
Recent studies of early Bronze Age human ge- nomes revealed a massive population expansion by individuals-related to the Yamnaya culture, from the Pontic Caspian steppe into Western and Eastern Eurasia, likely accompanied by the spread of Indo-European languages [1–5]. The south eastern extent of this migration is currently not known. Modern-day human populations from the Xinjiang region in northwestern China show a com- plex population history, with genetic links to both Eastern and Western Eurasia [6–10]. However, due to the lack of ancient genomic data, it remains unclear which source populations contributed to the Xinjiang population and what was the timing and the number of admixture events. Here, we report the first genome-wide data of 10 ancient in- dividuals from northeastern Xinjiang. They are dated to around 2,200 years ago and were found at the Iron Age Shirenzigou site. We find them to be already genetically admixed between Eastern and Western Eurasians. We also find that the ma- jority of the East Eurasian ancestry in the Shirenzi- gou individuals is-related to northeastern Asian populations, while the West Eurasian ancestry is best presented by $20% to 80% Yamnaya-like ancestry. Our data thus suggest a Western Eurasian steppe origin for at least part of the ancient Xinjiang population. Our findings further- more support a Yamnaya-related origin for the now extinct Tocharian languages in the Tarim Ba- sin, in southern Xinjiang

Any Y-DNA reads?
 
Fascinating stuff, Bicicleur. Thanks.
 
Our results suggest that the Yamnaya and/or Afanasievo-relatedancestry expanded further south through the Dzungarian Basininto the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiangsince at least the second millennium BCE and thus support the‘‘Steppe hypothesis’’ for the early peopling of Xinjiang.
their samples are only 2200 years old
and they conclude about an expansion more than 3000 years old?
 
Our results suggest that the Yamnaya and/or Afanasievo-relatedancestry expanded further south through the Dzungarian Basininto the northern slope of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiangsince at least the second millennium BCE and thus support the‘‘Steppe hypothesis’’ for the early peopling of Xinjiang.
their samples are only 2200 years old
and they conclude about an expansion more than 3000 years old?
ya, it is a problem to connect the samples to afanasievo expansion and even tocharian. As Mallory said in his cloud paper, the afanasievo culture has not any cereal samples, while tocharian has farming language. Moreover, if afanasievo expanded, the afanasievo culture could be found in northern china as okunevo petroglyph in there.

However, it is possible of the R1b samples to originate in afanasievo. We already have pontic scythian paper that the scythian R1b is close to afanasievo, not yamna. So the R1b people seems to be related with tianshan Hun or saka.

http://secher.bernard.free.fr/blog/public/2019_Ning_Figure2a.jpg
 
ya, it is a problem to connect the samples to afanasievo expansion and even tocharian. As Mallory said in his cloud paper, the afanasievo culture has not any cereal samples, while tocharian has farming language. Moreover, if afanasievo expanded, the afanasievo culture could be found in northern china as okunevo petroglyph in there.
However, it is possible of the R1b samples to originate in afanasievo. We already have pontic scythian paper that the scythian R1b is close to afanasievo, not yamna. So the R1b people seems to be related with tianshan Hun or saka.
http://secher.bernard.free.fr/blog/public/2019_Ning_Figure2a.jpg
the Y-DNA is R1b-M269, possibly Z2103
and autosomal it is lacking EEF, just like Yamna, but unlike Sintashta or Andronovo

their Yamna ancestry is very likely
the question is, how do they know these people were already in the Shirenzigou area in the 2nd millenium BC?
 
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0ATVqLYBhsPoBNlS-Region.png
IpBI9slJg85TU3ol-Region.png


tocharians-pca-admixture.png


Migration of R1b and Q1a1b from North? Just how did M15-1 and M15-2 acquire so much Yamnaya component even after . 3300 to 2500 BC?
 
0ATVqLYBhsPoBNlS-Region.png
IpBI9slJg85TU3ol-Region.png


tocharians-pca-admixture.png


Migration of R1b and Q1a1b from North? Just how did M15-1 and M15-2 acquire so much Yamnaya component even after . 3300 to 2500 BC?

check the location of Shirenzigou
via the Dzungarian Basin it is connected to the Altaï steppe
it is north of the Gobi desert which seperates it from the Gansu corridor and China proper

maybe they were an Afanasievo/Okunovo or even Yamna/Okunovo mixture,
fugitives for incoming Andronovo
 
check the location of Shirenzigou
via the Dzungarian Basin it is connected to the Altaï steppe
it is north of the Gobi desert which seperates it from the Gansu corridor and China proper

maybe they were an Afanasievo/Okunovo or even Yamna/Okunovo mixture,
fugitives for incoming Andronovo
zLjjqk9s


A prime piece of real estate with connection to the steppe. You would think there would be plenty of chariot and horse burials like Sintashta-Arkaim culture 2100–1800 BCE in an expansion 1000 years prior.
The samples look like they were taken nearly around the center of Tocharian A and Tocharian B languages, were spoken. I have really no clue about where the ydna Q samples originate. What branch the R1b samples fall under?
tocharians-y-dna-mtdna.png

Y4B9f0adMKJnQguI-Region.png
 
Z2103, most likely. The haplogroup listed is M269, not very helpful.
 
zLjjqk9s


A prime piece of real estate with connection to the steppe. You would think there would be plenty of chariot and horse burials like Sintashta-Arkaim culture 2100–1800 BCE in an expansion 1000 years prior.
The samples look like they were taken nearly around the center of Tocharian A and Tocharian B languages, were spoken. I have really no clue about where the ydna Q samples originate. What branch the R1b samples fall under?

Y4B9f0adMKJnQguI-Region.png

The culture arrived at china bronze with tons of PIE, penetrating the tocharian zone and gansu corridor.
As Karl zettmar said, okunevo petroglyph was already found in northern china and even near IVC.

Unfortunately, the carrier of the culture seems to be Q by Karasuk or unstoppable seima turbino.
And they created civilization like maya civilization, hence, Harvard scholar K. C. Chang mentioned that chinese and mayan people would have same ancestor. Same thing happened in Vedic civilization.

So chinese scholar should focus upon their bronze age culture to solve IE migration. Furthermore I always think that it is very wrong to seperate ancient people in central asia into west or east eurasian people like modern people by modern genetic tool. Does modern scholar know how they classified themselves?

soviet scholars are convinced that the custom of depositing chariots in the graves of the shang rulers came from the west, as well as the ceremonial significance of the the chariot itself. the finds of sintashta, where the wheels are standing in furrows carefully dug into the soil of the grave-chamber(exaclty in china) as well as the conventionalized rock carvings, confirm this thesis.
http://hl-128-171-57-22.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/16897/1/AP-v24n2-145-162.pdf
 
The culture arrived at china bronze with tons of PIE, penetrating the tocharian zone and gansu corridor.
As Karl zettmar said, okunevo petroglyph was already found in northern china and even near IVC.

Unfortunately, the carrier of the culture seems to be Q by Karasuk or unstoppable seima turbino.
And they created civilization like maya civilization, hence, Harvard scholar K. C. Chang mentioned that chinese and mayan people would have same ancestor. Same thing happened in Vedic civilization.

So chinese scholar should focus upon their bronze age culture to solve IE migration. Furthermore I always think that it is very wrong to seperate ancient people in central asia into west or east eurasian people like modern people by modern genetic tool. Does modern scholar know how they classified themselves?


http://hl-128-171-57-22.library.manoa.hawaii.edu/bitstream/10125/16897/1/AP-v24n2-145-162.pdf
. They did not find wheeled chariots at the site they gathered R 1b samples.However the Tocharians had a word for wheel/wagons concept. Yamnaya-/Afansievo must have had wagons even prior to 5000YBP or 1000 years before Sintashta +/-. to travel the great distances as steppe pastoralists.
 
. They did not find wheeled chariots at the site they gathered R 1b samples.However the Tocharians had a word for wheel/wagons concept. Yamnaya-/Afansievo must have had wagons even prior to 5000YBP or 1000 years before Sintashta +/-. to travel the great distances as steppe pastoralists.

Perhaps, but not always, I think, pulled by horses. Weren't there a few papers that found a lot of Corded Ware carts were pulled by cows or oxen?
 
Perhaps, but not always, I think, pulled by horses. Weren't there a few papers that found a lot of Corded Ware carts were pulled by cows or oxen?
Interesting, do you know the age and location?
 
. Yamnaya-/Afansievo must have had wagons even prior to 5000YBP or 1000 years before Sintashta +/-. to travel the great distances as steppe pastoralists.
I think we already discussed in the thread of Caucasus paper that yamna people was not mobile, but wagon burial was just a elite culture by archaeology. Moreover, no wagon was found in afanasievo, but elongated skull elite culture like catacomb, scythian, samartian, and hun.
 

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