How can IE migration be explained without mentioning Seima Turbino?

[FONT=&quot]"The earliest metal spearheads from northern China (Figure 1: 4–5 & 7–10) can be classified into two types. Type I is the Seima-Turbino spearhead, which has a hook and a triple-line decoration near the end of the hook (Figure 1: 4 & 6). Type II is the Chinese imitation of Type I, with a hook and a ring on opposite sides, but lacking the triple-line decoration (Lin 2015; Figure 1: 7, from the Qijia Culture at Shenna)."[/FONT]
urn:cambridge.org:id:binary-alt:20170920130655-48311-mediumThumb-S0003598X17001776_fig1g.jpg


"Strassberg (2003; Shan Hai Jing) describes semi-annular jade pendants as part of ritual ware from the Chinese Xia dynasty. He recounts that: “In his [the Xia sovereign, Qi] left hand, he held a feathered pennant, in his right, a jade ring, and he wore a jade semicircle [read, semi-annular jade pendant] on his belt” (Strassberg 2003: 168). The earliest (securely dated) semi-annular jade pendant dates to the Neolithic period (2200–1600 BC) in northern China. This type of ornament has been found at many early Bronze Age sites, such as the Qijiang Culture sites in Qinghai and Gansu provinces, the Longshan Culture sites in Shaanxi province and the Taosi Culture sites in Shanxi province. The ornaments can be divided into three groups. The first is represented by two semi-annular jade pendants, dated to the Taosi Culture (2500–1800 BC) (Figure 2: 1–2). The second group refers to the three divided ring pendants (Figure 2: 5–6), which are dated to the Bronze Age Qijia Culture in Qinghai and Gansu provinces (2200–1600 BC) (Liu & Chen 2012; Gu 2015). The third group are jade ring pendants dating to the time between the first two groups (Figure 2: 3–4)."
urn:cambridge.org:id:binary-alt:20170920130655-76677-mediumThumb-S0003598X17001776_fig2g.jpg



"These new observations suggest that the distribution of metal spearheads from the Seima-Turbino Culture to northern China represents the diffusion and spread of the metallurgical technique. From the metallurgical perspective in particular, the bronze casting of spearheads indicates the origin of piece-mould casting and core-casting technology, which influenced the bronze vessel casting method in China. We therefore suggest that the early Chinese metallurgy of the Lower Xiajiadian Culture in the western Liao River area can be linked to the Seima-Turbino Culture; this technique had spread from the Altai Mountain area to northern China via the Taosi Culture. After spreading to the Lower Xiajiadian Culture, it finally arrived at the Qijia Culture of Qinghai and Gansu provinces in the west (Figure 3)."

urn:cambridge.org:id:binary-alt:20170920130655-32242-mediumThumb-S0003598X17001776_fig3g.jpg

https://www.cambridge.org/core/jour...rgy-in-china/69E7A6EE63F38C7D5B2B0612E48DE264
 
How to read this map?

It seems like this:
Seima turbino (tin bronze) : petrovka culture (tin bronze) = okunveo (petroglyph: human-carrying cart) : sintashta (chariot)

Mining tin can be only at altai and east karzak in steppe. Okunevo has sunhead/snake(= thundervolt) and third eye culture.
Okunevo merged with afanasievo, and late Krotovo (seima turbino) merged with andronovo.

Following the Gansu corridor of Hg Q trail, we can meet R1a sintashta culture in the tomb of china bronze, where seima turbino/karashuk entered according to archaeology.
Following the inner asia mountain corridor of Hg R1a trail, we can meet okunvo petroglyph near south asia as K. Zettmar said. That is a relationship of R1a and Q1a

However, geneticists put an emphasis only upon steppe admixture creating Indo-european culture. I think CHG is nothing, but only ANE created that. The steppe people at that time integrated with only the ANE gene.

Why?
B/c Malta artifact (sun and snake) = okunevo petroglyph (sunhead and snake) = zeus/indra sunhead and thundervolt = mesoamerica sunhead and snake or thunderblot at mountain. Yamna has sunhead and animal culture like american indian.

"the eminent scholar, Miles Poindexter, a former ambassador of the United States to Mexico, in his two-volume 1930s treatise “The Ayar-Incas” called the Maya civilization “unquestionably Hindu.”"

I don't know whether the following personal opinion is correct, but I think Indo-Uralic theory is plausible. I always said that PIE was created in the triangle zone of Lake baikal, Hotu cave (with baikal pottery/Hg J) and Karelia (with R1a/ mtDNA C/ baikal pottery):

"Archi said...Nichols and Koivulehto are not authorities. Swadesh WordList has nothing to do with the general vocabulary. It does not establish relatives.

Indo-Uralic theory is strictly proved. The time of the disintegration of these two languages ​​is the question of relative, on such antiquities, the GLOTOHronology works badly, too few words and too large systematic error, so the decay time is estimated between 10000 and 7000BС with different calculation algorithms. It must be borne in mind that for a long time after PIE penetration to Europe between Europe and Western Siberia continued continuum dialects. I am sure that at this time R1A live there."
 
How to read this map?

It seems like this:
Seima turbino (tin bronze) : petrovka culture (tin bronze) = okunveo (petroglyph: human-carrying cart) : sintashta (chariot)

Mining tin can be only at altai and east karzak in steppe. Okunevo has sunhead/snake(= thundervolt) and third eye culture.
Okunevo merged with afanasievo, and late Krotovo (seima turbino) merged with andronovo.

Following the Gansu corridor of Hg Q trail, we can meet R1a sintashta culture in the tomb of china bronze, where seima turbino/karashuk entered according to archaeology.
Following the inner asia mountain corridor of Hg R1a trail, we can meet okunvo petroglyph near south asia as K. Zettmar said. That is a relationship of R1a and Q1a

However, geneticists put an emphasis only upon steppe admixture creating Indo-european culture. I think CHG is nothing, but only ANE created that. The steppe people at that time integrated with only the ANE gene.

Why?
B/c Malta artifact (sun and snake) = okunevo petroglyph (sunhead and snake) = zeus/indra sunhead and thundervolt = mesoamerica sunhead and snake or thunderblot at mountain. Yamna has sunhead and animal culture like american indian.

"the eminent scholar, Miles Poindexter,a former ambassador of the United States to Mexico, in his two-volume 1930s treatise “The Ayar-Incas” called the Maya civilization “unquestionably Hindu.”

Here is another one in Tibet:
https://popular-archaeology.com/art...ng-the-forgotten-civilization-of-zhang-zhung/

"The direct dating of rock art is still not technologically feasible, but based on cross-cultural comparisons, chariot rock art in Upper Tibet is likely to have been made sometime between 1200 and 300 BCE."

And author tries to connect it to andronovo, but their rock art reminds everyone (like author) of okunevo petroglyph. And also Ring daggers like celtic one were found. Lots of chinese people including scholars thought that their zhou dyanasty originated in this sheep herding tibet people due to last name of Jiang (the highest-ranking nobles in the zhou).
But I think they were totally different from modern tibet people.

___________________________________________

The author surveying chariot rock art on the Northern Plains (Changthang) of Upper Tibet.
____________________________________________

Highly detailed carving of a chariot in Upper Tibet. Note the charioteer standing in the square car and what appears to be a groom in front of the horses.
______________________________________________

Chariot petroglyph depicted with round car and without draught animals. This chariot is located at a rock art site in the central part of Upper Tibet.

The following their rock arts is like Okunevo sun god:
________________________________________________

Mascoid carving with arms and legs and a complex array of elements inside the face, northwestern Tibet.
_______________________________________________

Mascoid with large eyes, northwestern Tibet.

[FONT=&quot]See Huo Wei 2014, p. 330 ( fig. 9). This object was discovered in a tomb of the rGya-gling cemetery, Guge, which is dated to the second half of first millennium BCE.[/FONT][FONT=&quot]
Fig.-27-e1458028468350.jpg

https://www.tibetarchaeology.com/march-2016/[/FONT]






 
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Here is another one in Tibet:
https://popular-archaeology.com/art...ng-the-forgotten-civilization-of-zhang-zhung/

"The direct dating of rock art is still not technologically feasible, but based on cross-cultural comparisons, chariot rock art in Upper Tibet is likely to have been made sometime between 1200 and 300 BCE."

And author tries to connect it to andronovo, but their rock art reminds everyone (like author) of okunevo petroglyph. And also Ring daggers like celtic one were found. Lots of chinese people including scholars thought that their zhou dyanasty originated in this sheep herding tibet people due to last name of Jiang (the highest-ranking nobles in the zhou).
But I think they were totally different from modern tibet people.

___________________________________________

The author surveying chariot rock art on the Northern Plains (Changthang) of Upper Tibet.
____________________________________________

Highly detailed carving of a chariot in Upper Tibet. Note the charioteer standing in the square car and what appears to be a groom in front of the horses.
______________________________________________

Chariot petroglyph depicted with round car and without draught animals. This chariot is located at a rock art site in the central part of Upper Tibet.

The following their rock arts is like Okunevo sun god:
________________________________________________

Mascoid carving with arms and legs and a complex array of elements inside the face, northwestern Tibet.
_______________________________________________

Mascoid with large eyes, northwestern Tibet.

See Huo Wei 2014, p. 330 ( fig. 9). This object was discovered in a tomb of the rGya-gling cemetery, Guge, which is dated to the second half of first millennium BCE.
Fig.-27-e1458028468350.jpg

https://www.tibetarchaeology.com/march-2016/



.
8573-s.jpg







A-Barrenhas-or-Vilela-Seca-hoard-according-to-Villas-Boas-1948-Lam-2-B-Moura-da.jpg

A) Barrenhas or Vilela Seca hoard (according to Villas-Bôas 1948, Lám. 2); B) Moura da Serra hoard (according to Coffyn 1985, planche XLIII: 1-3); C) Coles de Samuel hoard (according to Bottaini et al. 2016: 346); D) Cabeço de Maria Candal hoard (according to Vilaça et al. 2012: 305); E) Solveira hoard (Photo credit: MDDS, Braga).

https://www.researchgate.net/figure...as-Boas-1948-Lam-2-B-Moura-da_fig41_330778975


One sample of early La Tène culture A from Putzenfeld am Dürrnberg, Hallein, Austria (ca 450–380 BC)
kelten-dna-putzenfeld-duerrnberg-grab-376.jpg
 
see the ring people's culture in lake baikal and mesoamerica:

"The 7,000 years old Neolithic grave by lake Baikal might belong to one of the world’s oldest settlements."
They were buried in supine-flex position like in yamna/afanasievo and american Indian.


st2.jpg

https://siberiantimes.com/other/oth...-egyptian-pyramids-while-working-in-a-garden/


The man's skeleton had a ring made of rare white jade over one eye socket
https://archaeologynewsnetwork.blogspot.com/2016/07/bronze-age-burial-unearthed-near.html
In Peru
merlin_135146904_f4f76a56-6444-49f8-bd31-c074530bed2b-articleLarge.jpg

An octopus frontlet made of gold, chrysocolla and shells dating from A.D. 300-600

Ring = circle = sky, heaven, sun = hindu mandala ( rig veda is mandala books)

Neolithic baikal sun/sky(ring) culture migrated to neolithic Hongshan, bronze china.

“On the territory of the Baikal region (Angara, Upper Lena, Baikal, Vitim), the late Mesolithic burial complexes were identified - related to the Khinsky and Schukin burial traditions; Early Neolithic - the Chinese tradition of burials; Late Neolithic — Isakovskaya, Serovskaya, Late-Serovskaya for Priolkhonya, “burial traditions” for the Upper Lena “archaic”.
Hongshan-platform-at-Niuheliang-Left-and-central-burial-with-carved-jades-from-another.ppm




Hongshan platform at Niuheliang (Left) and central burial with carved jades from another platform (Right).

https://www.researchgate.net/figure...l-with-carved-jades-from-another_fig8_7302635

sunshine in eye ring:
https://chinahongshanculture.com/wp...ina-hongshan-culture-antique-artifact-158.jpg


" Strassberg (2003; Shan Hai Jing) describes semi-annular jade pendants as part of ritual ware from the Chinese Xia dynasty. He recounts that: “In his [the Xia sovereign, Qi] left hand, he held a feathered pennant, in his right, a jade ring, and he wore a jade semicircle [read, semi-annular jade pendant] on his belt” (Strassberg 2003: 168). The earliest (securely dated) semi-annular jade pendant dates to the Neolithic period (2200–1600 BC) in northern China. This type of ornament has been found at many early Bronze Age sites, such as the Qijiang Culture sites in Qinghai and Gansu provinces, the Longshan Culture sites in Shaanxi province and the Taosi Culture sites in Shanxi province. The ornaments can be divided into three groups. The first is represented by two semi-annular jade pendants, dated to the Taosi Culture (2500–1800 BC) (Figure 2: 1–2). The second group refers to the three divided ring pendants (Figure 2: 5–6), which are dated to the Bronze Age Qijia Culture in Qinghai and Gansu provinces (2200–1600 BC) (Liu & Chen 2012; Gu 2015). The third group are jade ring pendants dating to the time between the first two groups (Figure 2: 3–4)."
urn:cambridge.org:id:binary-alt:20170920130655-76677-mediumThumb-S0003598X17001776_fig2g.jpg




https://www.cambridge.org/core/jour...rgy-in-china/69E7A6EE63F38C7D5B2B0612E48DE264

 
^
How about Circle and square in PIE ?

yamna: see the sky god on wheel cart:

15-722580fde7.jpg


"Mycenaean civilization (2600-1100 BCE)": Circle B and square cist
mycenaean-ritual-grave-a.jpg
https://sjcnygreece2018amarficollado.wordpress.com/2018/06/08/fourth-day-mycenaean-burial-customs/
 
^
looks like all ANE people had same philosophy of circle sky and square earth:

afanasievo:
Afanasievo-burial-shapes.jpg

okunevo:
Photo courtesy of expedition members



inside_burials.jpg
https://siberiantimes.com/science/c...500-years-old-with-links-to-native-americans/



Section and plan of the barrow from the cemetery of Kamyshevkha near Bakhmut, lower Donets basin.
https://www.donsmaps.com/rossosh.html

Maya also:
cosmos-maya-web.png

https://www.mayaarchaeologist.co.uk/school-resources/maya-world/maya-gods-and-goddesses/
 
ac-21111784.jpg

The Borodino treasure of seima turbino culture in Historical museum, Russia.

Triskele symbol on dagger seems to be connected to china bronze and the celts.
(of course, the above snake-moving mark is related with mycenaean and the celts)

Enlage picture in the link below and see one triskele mark on dagger:
http://nav.shm.ru/upload/iblock/c19/c1905ec5e5641e33c95e1d04b45ebc65.png

- number 3 artifact in Khvalynsk tomb below looks similar to seima turbino one above.
- according to IBD test, Khvalynsk has no relationship with yamna






https://indo-european.eu/2021/03/ibd...d-populations/
 
- number 3 artifact in Khvalynsk tomb below looks similar to seima turbino one above.
- according to IBD test, Khvalynsk has no relationship with yamna






https://indo-european.eu/2021/03/ibd...d-populations/
Yellow squares indicate shared IBD segments, no? If so then Khvalynsk ll and Ekanterinovka share with Yamnaya Ekanterinovka I0231 burial 2910-2875 BCE, and Yamnaya Derivka, Stredny Stog, no?
 
Yellow squares indicate shared IBD segments, no? If so then Khvalynsk ll and Ekanterinovka share with Yamnaya Ekanterinovka I0231 burial 2910-2875 BCE, and Yamnaya Derivka, Stredny Stog, no?

Anthony's NEW video talking about Yamnaya culture is especially pathetic. They have over 300 samples from the steppes, and they have decided that the Yamnaya culture is descended from Sredni Stog. However, they still don't know what the origin of chg-iran related ancestry is, and THEY STILL DON'T KNOW WHAT THE MALE UNIPARENTAL MARKERS OF SS CULTURE ARE (CURIOUSLY ALL THE NEW SAMPLES FROM THAT CULTURE ARE FEMALE- BAD LUCK???????)

According to Anthony, they tried to connect SS to yamna. Moreover they did not find the origin of Yamna ydna and CHG. I think even EHG has nothing to do with Yamna.
Modern indo-european scholars denied Gimbutas claim that SS culture with millet seeds originated from East, probably far east lake baikal. I think historical fact including migration could not be changed only in bronze age. I already posted evidence that yamna culture has sky-god ANE culture from altai and circle-sky/square-earth ANE culture from probably lake baikal.

Anthony thought R1a would be a commoner during yamna age, now Kristian claim the Maykob had early PIE.
I think they had some PIE b/c they have CHG. Their impacts to yamna seems to be related with just materials. Yamna's main culture of sun and animal is closely related with west siberia, lake baikal by EHG.
I want scholars to focus more upon east Ural to be connected to south-east aral sea from mesolithic to eneolithic.
I think EHG R1a with mtdna c and pottery of lake baikal would meet CHG J over there to go their journey to Karelia.
And yamna ancestor would pick up the CHG over there, where cattle and horse bones were buired. That is why I think sitashta culture popped up over there. Moreover mining at western siberia started from neolithic age.

ok, but I have some different opinion:
Before flexed burial people like Khvalynsk, stredney stog, and yamna appeared in east europe, supine burial people dominated. However, I remembered that Ian M mentioned on 2018 that EHG was diluted by CHG and later farmer's genes in east europe. I think ancient burial type is their Origin Identity. Anatolia farmer did not change their burial type in europe.

Moreover yamna has mtDNA C. Even if Russian scholar connected yamna C to EHG, the above IBD test shows that even Khvalynsk has no relationship with yamna. I just think a historical fact has not changed that every time different people entered east europe from steppe but with similar culture.
https://www.eupedia.com/forum/threa...an-Maykop-and-Kristiansen?p=621015#post621015
 
According to Anthony, they tried to connect SS to yamna. Moreover they did not find the origin of Yamna ydna and CHG. I think even EHG has nothing to do with Yamna.
Modern indo-european scholars denied Gimbutas claim that SS culture with millet seeds originated from East, probably far east lake baikal. I think historical fact including migration could not be changed only in bronze age. I already posted evidence that yamna culture has sky-god ANE culture from altai and circle-sky/square-earth ANE culture from probably lake baikal.




https://www.eupedia.com/forum/threa...an-Maykop-and-Kristiansen?p=621015#post621015
https://amtdb.org/records/I5884 Ukraine_ 2890-2696 calBCE (4195±20 BP, PSUAMS-2828) R1b-CTS1078
https://amtdb.org/records/I0443 R1b1a1a2a R1b-L23
 
^ very tough, but it seems to me that they are compared to cimmerian and scythian or scythian and Hun (Attila was called to be " scythian lord). SS people was buried in supine & flexed position at flat grave, but yamna in the same position at mound. However the most important thing is SS people got millet sample originating in northern china. And then chinese neolithic culture seems to get cucuteni culture including yin-yang symbol:

https://historum.com/proxy.php?imag...394.jpg&hash=943ffbe58aafe91c48d6debdf070b39c

https://historum.com/proxy.php?imag...tra.jpg&hash=76b9f081ca074e2f2d4583008b9f8a46


- see cucuteni type pottery and flexed position (west burial type )


"Burial site reconstruction, Bianjiagou in Liaoning, Yangshao culture - Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities, Stockholm"
 
I think this sarmatian is a sky god. His daggers seems to originate in karasuk:

019_szarmata_clip_image002_0001.jpg
Picture 2: Catacombs and tomb complex from Porogi


and celtic god?
One sample of early La Tène culture A from Putzenfeld am Dürrnberg, Hallein, Austria (ca 450–380 BC)
kelten-dna-putzenfeld-duerrnberg-grab-376.jpg

[h=3]Triskelion[/h]
Triskele-Symbol_CC.png




sarmatian roundel and scythian torc:

main-image


x1_62_2-Bracelet.jpg.pagespeed.ic.gq0jyZWm6w.jpg

One of the most intriguing questions researchers hope to answer is whether Celtic art had links into the wider Eurasian world. Until now, this material has mainly been analysed in terms of its European stylistic development, but the research team is now broadening its scope to look at the relationship between Celtic art and Iron Age art in the Eurasian steppe. They will be looking at a group of artefacts in excavations and museum collections that are traditionally described as ‘Celtic’ because of their use of spirals, circles, interlaced designs, or swirling representations of plants or animals.
One main line of enquiry is the relationship between the central European Celts and their nomadic Eurasian neighbours (often referred to as Scythians or Sarmatians), who inhabited the European end of a grassland (steppe) corridor that stretched east towards Central Asia and China. Longstanding routes of communication across these semi-deserts and steppes, which later formed part of the Silk Road, are known to have played a significant role in earlier artistic and cultural exchanges between East and West.


 
seima turbino shaman:

Statuette_Seima-Turbino_GIM.jpg


Emperor_Yang_of_Sui

"Shijiahe Culture (2500-2200 BC), 10.3cm tall in ancient china
It is so far the only piece of its kind in the world. None of the mystical figures had legs except for this one. Wearing a flat-topped hat and two earrings, with a big nose and hands crossed at the chest, the solemn-looking figure is believed to be a wizard conducting a religious rite."
 
"The 7,000 years old Neolithic grave by lake Baikal might belong to one of the world’s oldest settlements."
They were buried in supine-flex position like in yamna/afanasievo and american Indian.




afanasievo family burial culture:
image053.png
Figure 26. Materials of the Afanasevo type. Top: burial types (after Larin 2005); bottom left: copper products (after Kovaleva et al. 2010, Grushin et al. 2010); bottom right: pottery (after Polyakov 2010, Kovalev, Erdenebaatar 2010). From Morgunova (2014)

Andronovo family:
inside%20parents%20with%20children.jpg

Archeologists are struggling for explanations and believe DNA tests will provide the answers to these remarkable burials. Pictures: Vyacheslav Molodin, Institute of Archeology and Ethnography of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences


https://siberiantimes.com/science/c...-each-other-in-loving-embrace-for-3500-years/



 
sarmatian sky-god and RING pommel dagger
019_szarmata_clip_image002_0001.jpg


1. ring is a circle (sky/sun/heaven). And sarmatian sitting position:

1-the-cauldron-at-Kalmius-after-SHTERN-1911-2-depiction-on-the-collar-diadem-in.png


[the cauldron at Kal'mius (after SHTERN 1911). 2: depiction on the collar/diadem in barrow grave 10 at Kobyakovo (after MORDVINTSEVA 2003).]

2. They were separated thousands and thousands ago, however:

Urna_funeraria_zapoteca_%28M._América_Inv.85-1-127%29_01.jpg

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapotec_civilization

3. south asian's yoga sitting:

Pattabhi_Jois_Ashtanga_large.jpg


4. Hongshan near manchu:
9.jpg
https://taiwan-reports.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/牛河梁遺址圖9.jpg
9.jpg

https://taiwan-reports.com/archives/423723












 
Altai people cannot be explained without Ring circle (sun/sky).
Neolithic lake baikal:
Jade-Rings-and-Dagger-skull.jpg


okunevo culture:
inside_mask_6.jpg

inside_figurine_right.jpg


Human sacrifice dagger in shang china:
01200000030126136323412742130.jpg

ff6dee4d57ca4415811e6c8afd156415c7d1bd26.png

e9788fe322d221975308785b3af617a9e49ca9f3.png


https://www.ancient-origins.net/new...ouple-mysterious-jade-rings-and-dagger-006277

caucasoid mask from lop nur (tarim basin), china, 2000–1000 bce: compare okunevo one with large lips
EuropoidMaskLopNurChina2000-1000BCE.jpg

Mayan ancestors were split from them thousands and thousands years ago, but they kept their circle (ring) culture. I think it is a their own unique culture which couldn't be imitated by any other people. Especially okunevo and mayan people have a third eye culture, which hindu people has now.

mayan rain god:

main-image





 
ac-21111784.jpg

The Borodino treasure of seima turbino culture in Historical museum, Russia.

Triskele symbol on dagger seems to be connected to china bronze and the celts.
(of course, the above snake-moving mark is related with mycenaean and the celts)

Enlage picture in the link below and see one triskele mark on dagger:
http://nav.shm.ru/upload/iblock/c19/c1905ec5e5641e33c95e1d04b45ebc65.png

"We therefore suggest that the early Chinese metallurgy of the Lower Xiajiadian Culture in the western Liao River area can be linked to the Seima-Turbino Culture; this technique had spread from the Altai Mountain area to northern China via the Taosi Culture. After spreading to the Lower Xiajiadian Culture, it finally arrived at the Qijia Culture of Qinghai and Gansu provinces in the west (Figure 3)."
urn:cambridge.org:id:binary-alt:20170920130655-32242-mediumThumb-S0003598X17001776_fig3g.jpg


see the below triquetra pattern on first dagger of the Lower Xiajiadian Culture:
http://www.jiaxiangwang.com/arch/images/a-inchifeng-xiajiadian-duanjian.jpg

http://www.jiaxiangwang.com/arch/a-inchifeng-xiajiadian.htm

celtic:


Interlaced triquetra which is a trefoil knot




a-inchifeng-xiajiadian-duanjian.jpg
 
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