Y DNA from Hun, Avar and Hungarian nomadic conquerors of the Carpathian Basin

[jose luis]

https://www.google.pt/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&u act=8&ved=2ahUKEwjnqciO-eTlAhXB8eAKHai_D3UQFjAAegQIBRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2F www.nature.com%2Farticles%2Fs41598-019-53105-5&usg=AOvVaw1KBi1XM7t2P0dlYPf5qQ-V

[bained]

The Data is also available, but I cannot post links yet. I can't wait to see where the samples plot on PCA and their modern similarities!

[gyms]

From: Y-chromosome haplogroups from Hun, Avar and conquering Hungarian period nomadic people of the Carpathian Basin




Y-Hg-s determined from 46 males grouped according to sample age, cemetery and Hg. Hg designations are given according to ISOGG Tree 2019. Grey shading designate distinguished individuals with rich grave goods, color shadings denote supposed geographic origin of Hg-s according to Fig. 2. For samples K3/1 and K3/3 the innermost Hg defining marker U106* was not covered, but had been determined previously¹²

[Joey37]

Interesting, lots of Ns, some Scythian R1a-Z94, Slavic CTS1211, and western R1b clades.

[Regio X]

Interesting, lots of Ns, some Scythian R1a-Z94, Slavic CTS1211, and western R1b clades.

Surprisingly, even two G2a.

"The PSZ/1 Avar leader belongs to Hg G2a-P15, while K2/33 to the G2a2b-L30 subbranch."

Early Avar period:
PSZ/1 (630-660 AD): G-P15 (xL1259) -> G-L293 (G2a1 - "Caucasian").

Conqueror period:
K2/33 (895-950 AD): G-L30 (G2a2b).

[Duarte]

Phenotypes and genetic predict origin of Hun period, early Avar period, midle and late Avar period, Conqueror period:

[Duarte]

The Data is also available, but I cannot post links yet. I can't wait to see where the samples plot on PCA and their modern similarities!

[Duarte]

Supplementary Table S5: Modern population N1a database used for population genetic analysis. This dataset was taken from Ilumäe et al. 2016 with the following modifications: Russians Kostroma, Russians Orjol, Russians Kursk, Russians Voronez, Russians Belgorod and Russians Smolensk groups were merged as Russian (RUS) as they mapped very close to each-other. Mordva and Mordva 1 groups were also merged for the same reason. Subclades were grouped according to the markers tested in this study.
		code	N1a2 - L666	N1a1a - M178 xB187 xB211 xB197 xM2019 xVL29 xZ1936	N1a1a2 - B187	N1a1a1a2- B211	N1a1a1a1a1a - VL29	N1a1a1a1a2 - Z1936	N1a1a1a1a3 - B197	N1a1a1a1a4 - M2019	N1 ratio in pop	n total
Northeastern Europe	Linguistic affiliation
Saami (Sweden)	Uralic, Finno-Saami	SAA	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	46,15%	53,85%	0,00%	0,00%	100,00%	13
Finns	Uralic, Finno-Saami	FIN	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	12,82%	41,03%	0,00%	0,00%	53,85%	39
Karelians	Uralic, Finno-Saami	KAR	0,72%	0,72%	0,00%	0,72%	15,11%	20,14%	0,00%	0,00%	37,41%	139
Vepsa	Uralic, Finno-Saami	VEP	17,50%	2,50%	0,00%	0,00%	2,50%	32,50%	0,00%	0,00%	55,00%	40
Russians Arhangelsk	Indo-European, Balto-Slavic	RUSA	6,60%	0,94%	0,00%	0,94%	13,21%	22,64%	0,00%	0,00%	44,34%	106
Russians Pinega	Indo-European, Balto-Slavic	RUSP	16,50%	0,97%	0,00%	0,00%	3,88%	19,42%	0,00%	0,00%	40,78%	103
Eastern Europe
Estonians	Uralic, Finno-Saami	EST	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	27,66%	2,98%	0,00%	0,00%	30,64%	235
Avars	Test_population	AVAR	0,00%	14,29%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	35,71%	0,00%	50,00%	14
Hungarian_Conquerors	Test_population	CONQ	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	10,34%	0,00%	6,90%	17,24%	29
Latvians	Indo-European, Balto-Slavic	LVA	0,00%	3,49%	0,00%	0,00%	38,37%	1,16%	0,00%	0,00%	43,02%	86
Lithuanians	Indo-Europen, Balto-Slavic	LTU	0,00%	0,90%	0,00%	0,00%	39,64%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	40,54%	111
Belarusians	Indo-European, Balto-Slavic	BLR	0,75%	0,00%	0,00%	1,12%	7,87%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	9,74%	267
Polish	Indo-European, Balto-Slavic	POL	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	4,30%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	4,30%	93
Russians Pskov	Indo-European, Balto-Slavic	RUSPS	0,76%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	18,18%	3,79%	0,00%	0,00%	22,73%	132
Russians	Indo-European, Balto-Slavic	RUS	0,37%	0,37%	0,00%	0,18%	5,69%	2,20%	0,00%	0,00%	8,81%	545
Crimean Tatars	Altaic,Turkic	TATC	0,00%	0,36%	0,00%	0,00%	2,89%	0,00%	1,08%	0,00%	4,33%	277
Ukrainians	Indo-European, Slavic	UKR	0,53%	0,18%	0,00%	0,00%	6,89%	1,06%	0,18%	0,18%	9,01%	566
Volga-Uralic region
Udmurts	Uralic, Finno-Permic	UDM	11,11%	0,00%	0,00%	66,67%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	77,78%	54
Maris	Uralic, Finno-Volgaic	MAR	15,69%	0,00%	0,00%	13,73%	11,76%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	41,18%	51
Komi Permians	Uralic, Finno-Permic	KOMP	6,67%	5,00%	0,00%	11,67%	1,67%	5,00%	0,00%	0,00%	30,00%	60
Komi (Syktyk distr.)	Uralic, Finno-Permic	KOMS	35,29%	0,00%	0,00%	17,65%	11,76%	5,88%	0,00%	0,00%	70,59%	17
Komi (Izhemsky distr.)	Uralic, Finno Permic	KOMI	16,67%	0,00%	0,00%	43,33%	0,00%	10,00%	0,00%	0,00%	70,00%	30
Mordva	Uralic, Finno-Volgaic	MRD	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	9,13%	0,76%	2,66%	0,00%	0,00%	12,55%	263
Chuvashes	Altaic, Turkic	CHV	9,65%	0,00%	0,00%	20,18%	2,63%	3,51%	0,00%	0,00%	35,96%	114
Volga Tatars	Altaic, Turkic	TAT	9,77%	0,75%	0,75%	0,00%	3,76%	12,78%	0,00%	0,00%	27,82%	133
Bashkirs	Altaic, Turkic	BSH	0,88%	0,00%	0,00%	0,70%	0,70%	14,96%	0,00%	0,00%	17,25%	568
Western Siberia
Khanty and Mansi	Uralic, Ob-Ugric	KHT	26,98%	11,11%	0,00%	19,05%	0,00%	7,94%	0,00%	12,70%	77,78%	63
Nenets	Uralic, Samoyedic	NEN	69,05%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	14,29%	9,52%	0,00%	0,00%	92,86%	42
Nganasans	Uralic, Samoyedic	NGA	54,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	4,00%	0,00%	0,00%	58,00%	50
Selkups	Uralic, Samoyedic	SEL	6,98%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	2,33%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	9,30%	43
Siberian Tatars	Altaic, Turkic	TATS	17,19%	0,45%	0,00%	0,00%	1,36%	5,43%	2,26%	0,90%	27,60%	221
Dolgans from Taymyr	Altaic, Turkic	DLGT	24,07%	5,56%	0,00%	0,00%	3,70%	7,41%	0,00%	3,70%	44,44%	54
Central Siberia
Central Yakuts	Altaic, Turkic	YAKC	2,17%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	85,87%	88,04%	92
Vilyuy Yakuts	Altaic, Turkic	YAKV	0,00%	1,69%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	89,83%	91,53%	59
Northern Yakuts	Altaic, Turkic	YAKN	10,77%	1,54%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	69,23%	81,54%	65
Evenks	Altaic, Tungusic	EVK	5,26%	1,75%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	1,75%	47,37%	56,14%	57
Evens	Altaic, Tungusic	EVN	8,33%	8,33%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	29,17%	45,83%	24
Yukaghirs	Isolate	YUK	0,00%	27,27%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	27,27%	11
Dolgans from Yakutia	Altaic, Turkic	DLGY	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	50,00%	50,00%	10
Eastern Siberia
Asian Eskimos	Eskimo-Aleut	ESK	11,76%	11,76%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	23,53%	0,00%	47,06%	17
Chukchi	Chukotko-Kamtchatkan	CHK	0,00%	6,52%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	47,83%	0,00%	54,35%	46
Koryaks	Chukotko-Kamtchatkan	KORY	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	22,22%	0,00%	22,22%	9
Nanais	Altaic, Tungusic	NAN	0,00%	0,77%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	43,85%	44,62%	130
Southern Siberia
Altaians	Altaic, Turkic	ALT	8,20%	0,00%	9,84%	6,56%	0,00%	0,00%	3,28%	0,00%	27,87%	61
Tuvans	Altaic, Turkic	TUV	20,00%	0,00%	6,32%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	6,32%	1,05%	33,68%	95
Khakassis	Altaic,Turkic	KHK	16,67%	0,57%	23,56%	0,57%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	41,38%	174
Shorians	Altaic,Turkic	SHR	8,70%	0,00%	26,09%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	4,35%	39,13%	23
Mongolia & Transbaikal
Mongols	Altaic, Mongolic	MNG	5,77%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	6,30%	0,26%	12,34%	381
Buryats	Altaic, Mongolic	BUR	2,70%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	41,44%	0,00%	44,14%	111
Central Asia & Caucasus
Kazakhs	Altaic, Turkic	KZH	1,08%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	2,16%	0,54%	3,78%	185
Uzbeks	Altaic, Turkic	UZB	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,47%	0,47%	0,93%	215
Karanogays	Altaic,Turkic	KNO	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,84%	1,68%	0,84%	6,72%	2,52%	12,61%	119
Karakalpaks	Altaic,Turkic	KARA	0,00%	1,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	0,00%	1,00%	2,00%	4,00%	100

[Regio X]

So G2a were warrior hunts and not farmers?

Not sure what you mean. Observe timeframes. Before ~10k years ago, humans were all HGs. After ~4k years ago, almost all Europeans were also "farmers". G2a was indeed the most common haplogroup among ANF/EEF in Neolithic though.

These Avars lived a bit more than 1k years ago.